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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT KAMALAPUR TANDA (4D5B8K1d) MICROWATERSHED Gulbarga Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Kamalapur tanda (4D5B8K1d) Microwatershed, Gulbarga Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.57, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.89 & 28. |
Series/Report no.: | 57; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Kamalapur Tanda microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification behaviour and use potentials of the soils in the microwartershed. The present study covers an area of 547 ha in Kamalapur Tanda microwatershed in Gulbarga taluk of Gulbarga district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 740 mm, of which about 540 mm is received during south–west monsoon, 126 mm during north-east and the remaining 74 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 93 per cent is covered by soils, seven per cent by waterbodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 11 soil series and 24 soil phases (management units) and 6 land use classes. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from the 3rd week of May to 1rd week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 19 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 72 per cent area is suitable for agriculture and 28 per cent is not suitable for agriculture. About 23 per cent of the soils are moderately deep to deep (75-150 cm), 1 per cent of the soils are very deep (>150cm), 49 per cent are shallow to moderately shallow (25- 75 cm) and about 20 per cent are very shallow (<25 cm) soils. Entire area in the microwatershed has clay soils at the surface. About 20 per cent of the area has non-gravelly soils, 67 per cent gravelly to very gravelly soils (15-60 % gravel) and 7 per cent extremely gravelly soils (60- 80% gravel). About 13 per cent of the area has soils that are very high (>200mm/m) in available water capacity, 8 per cent medium (100-150 mm/m) and about 73 per cent low (51- 100 mm/m) to very low (<50 mm/m). About 52 per cent of the area has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands and about 41 per cent area is gently (3-5%) to moderately sloping (5-10%) lands. An area of about 16 per cent has soils that are slightly eroded (e1), 45 per cent moderately eroded (e2) and 33per cent severely eroded (e3). An area of about 74 per cent has soils that are slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4), 8 per cent strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0), less than one per cent slightly acid (pH 6.0-6.5) and 12 per cent area is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 34 per cent medium (0.5-0.75%), 54 per cent high (>0.75%) and 5 per cent low (<0.5%) in organic carbon. Major area of 93 per cent has soils that are low (<23 kg/ha) and 1 per cent medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. About 48 per cent medium (145-337 kg/ha), 13 per cent high (>337 kg/ha) and 32 per cent low (<145 kg/ha) in available potassium. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in about 86 per cent area, medium (10-20 ppm) in 7 per cent and less than one per cent high (>20 ppm). Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in about 73 per cent area, 20 per cent medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) and high (>1.0 ppm) in very less area. Available iron, zinc and copper are sufficient in all the soils. About 73 per cent area has soils that are deficient (<1.0 ppm) in available manganese and 20 per cent sufficient (>1.0 ppm). The land suitability for 19 major crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 71 (13) 107 (19) Guava - 200(36) Maize - - Jackfruit - - Red gram - 113 (21) Jamun - 136(25) Sunflower 17 (13) - Musambi 71 (13) 134(24) Cotton 71 (13) 107 (19) Lime 71 (13) 134(24) Sugarcane - - Cashew - 16(3) Soybean 71(13) 42 (8) Custard apple 178 (33) 225(41) Bengalgram 113(21) 151(28) Amla 178 (33) 38 (7) Mango - - Tamarind - 136 (25) Sapota - 192(35) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 6 identified LUCs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fibre and horticulture crops that helps in sustained production and also in maintaining the ecological balance in the microwatershed. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel, generate lot of biomass thus helping in maintaining an ecological balance and in mitigating the climate change. Baseline socioeconomic characterisation is prerequisite to prepare action plan for program implementation and to assess the project performance before making any changes in the watershed development program. The baseline provides appropriate policy direction for enhancing productivity and sustainability in agriculture. Methodology: Kamalapur Tanda micro-watershed (Kamalapur sub-watershed, Gulbarga taluk and district) is located in between 17035’ – 17036’ North latitudes and 76059’ – 7701’ East longitudes, covering an area of about 547 ha, bounded by Rajanhal, Bhimhalli and Kamalapur villages. With an length of growing period (LGP) 120-150 days. We used soil resource map as basis for sampling farm households to test the hypothesis that soil quality influence crop selection, and conservation investment of farm households. The level of technology adoption and productivity gaps and livelihood patterns were analyses. The cost of soil degradation and ecosystem services were quantified. Results: The socio-economic outputs for Kamalapur Tanda Microwatershed (Kamalapur sub-watershed) in Gulbarga taluk and district are presented here. Social Indicators; Male and female ratio is 64.8 to 35.2 per cent to the total sample population. Younger age 18 to 50 years group of population is around 66.7 per cent to the total population. Literacy population among all sample households. Social groups belong to general caste among all sample households. Liquefied petroleum gas (LGP) is the source of energy for a cooking among 70 per cent. Dependence on ration cards for food grains through public distribution system is around 50 per cent. Swach bharath program providing closed toilet facilities around 40 per cent of sample households. Women participation in decisions making are around 90 per cent of households were found. Economic Indicators; The average land holding is 1.03 ha indicates that majority of farm households are belong to marginal and small farmers. The total land cultivated on rainfed condition of the sample farmers. 2 Agriculture is the main occupation among 2.7 per cent and agriculture is the main and agriculture labour is subsidiary occupation for 86.49 per cent of sample households. The average value of domestic assets is around Rs. 20144 per household. Mobile and television are popular mass media communication. The average livestock value is around Rs. 42222 per household; about 54 per cent of household are having livestock. The average per capita food consumption is around 752.9 grams (1750.45 kilo calories) against national institute of nutrition (NIN) recommendation at 827 gram. Around 100 per cent of sample households are consuming less than the NIN recommendation. The annual average income is around Rs.17252 per household. Among all sample farm households are below poverty line. The per capita monthly average expenditure is around Rs. 2488. Environmental Indicators-Ecosystem Services; The value of ecosystem service helps to support investment to decision on soil and water conservation and in promoting sustainable land use. The onsite cost of different soil nutrients lost due to soil erosion is around Rs. 2080 per ha/year. The total cost of annual soil nutrients is around Rs. 1060936 per year for the total area of 547 ha. The average value of ecosystem service for food grain production is around Rs. 2553/ ha/year of red gram. The data on water requirement for producing one quintal of grain is considered for estimating the total value of water required for crop production. The per hectare value of water used and value of water was maximum in red gram (Rs. 61749). Economic Land Evaluation; The major cropping pattern is red gram (100 %). In Kamalapur Tanda Microwatershed, major soil are soil of basaltic landform of Kalamundaragi (KGI) series is having shallow soil depth cover around 25.1 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram. Gutti (GTT) series having moderately shallow soil depth cover around 6.7 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram. Ranjal (RNL) series having deep soil depth cover around 11.7% of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram. Mahagaon (MAN) series having very deep soil depth cover around 1.32 % of area. On this soil farmers are presently growing red gram. 3 The total cost of cultivation and benefit cost ratio (BCR) in study area for red gram ranges between Rs.56320/ha in KGI soil (with BCR of 1.20) and Rs.18488/ha in RNL soil (with BCR of 1.90). The land management practices reported by the farmers are crop rotation, tillage practices, fertilizer application and use of farm yard manure (FYM). Due to higher wages farmer are following labour saving strategies is not prating soil and water conservation measures. Less ownership of livestock limiting application of FYM. It was observed soil quality influences on the type and intensity of land use. More fertilizer applications in deeper soil to maximize returns. Suggestions; Involving farmers is watershed planning helps in strengthing institutional participation. The per capita food consumption and monthly income is very low. Diversifying income generation activities from crop and livestock production in order to reduce risk related to drought and market prices. Majority of farmers reported that they are not getting timely support/extension services from the concerned development departments. By strengthing agricultural extension for providing timely advice improved technology there is scope to increase in net income of farm households. By adopting recommended package of practices by following the soil test fertiliser recommendation, there is scope to increase yield in red gram (1.8 to 18.2 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.89 & 28. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/38492 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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57.Kamalapur Tanda (4D5B8K1d).pdf | 11.65 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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