Soil microbial biodiversity and conservation agriculture for sustainable crop production

Abstract

Soil biodiversity management plays a remarkable role in conservation agriculture which aims in stimulating and protecting biological components and functioning of the soil. Soil microorganisms improve the entry and storage of water, resistance to erosion, plant nutrition, and breakdown of organic matter. Soil microorganism diversity renders economic benefits, provides environmental protection, ensures food security. The article also discussed causes/ sources of loss of biodiversity and mentioned several ways to measure soil microbial biodiversity. Specific and detail refence work on conservation agriculture and soil microbial biodiversity have been included. It was noted that crop productivity in conservation agriculture is enhanced or sustained with enrichment of soil quality such as greater soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation, lesser SOC loss and similar other related benefits. Minimum tillage, appropriate residue management and restricted use of chemicals for pest management or judicious use of inorganic fertilizer with organic inputs, bio-control measures will not only maintain the sustainable crop productivity, but also take care of soil biodiversity and conservation of soil for future human race to live in harmony with nature.