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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORYAND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDSFOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ADAVALLI-1 (4D4A2P3b) MICROWATERSHED Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2018). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Adavalli-1 Microwatershed, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.107, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.99 &.28 |
Series/Report no.: | 107; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Adavalli-1 microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false color composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for Physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the Microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 353 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 99 per cent is covered by soils, less than one per cent by water bodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 8 soil series and 15 soil phases (management units) and 5 land use classes. The length of crop growing period is <90 days and starts from 2nd week of August to 2nd week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 250 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 28 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area is suitable for agriculture. About 9 per cent of the soils are shallow (25-50 cm), 54 per cent moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 20 per cent moderately deep (75- 100 cm) and 11 per cent has deep to very deep soils (100 ->150 cm). About 32 per cent of the area is having loamy soils and 62 per cent has clayey soils at the surface. About 23 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (<15%) soils, 51 per cent has gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel) and 20 per cent has very gravelly (35- 60% gravel) soils. With respect to available water capacity 21 per cent of the area has very low (<50mm/m), 42 per cent of the area has low (51-100 mm/m), 20 per cent medium (101-150 mm/m) and 11 per cent area has very high (>200mm/m). An area of about <1 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) lands and 94 per cent has very gently sloping (1-3%) lands. An area of about 42 per cent is slightly eroded (e1) and 52 per cent is moderately eroded (e2) lands. An area of about <1 per cent has neutral (pH 6.5 to 7.3) soils, 4 per cent slightly alkaline(pH 7.3 to 7.8), 21 per cent moderately alkaline (pH 7.8 to 8.4) ,60 per cent strongly alkaline (pH 8.4 to 9.0) and 9 per cent soils very strongly alkaline (pH>9.0). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are dominantly <2 dsm-1 indicating that soils are non saline. Organic carbon is low (<0.5%) in about 35 per cent, medium (0.5-0.75%) in 45 per cent and high (>0.75%) in 15 per cent area of the soils. Available phosphorus is low (<23 kg/ha) in 57 per cent and medium (23-57 kg/ha) in 37 per cent of the soils. Available potassium is medium (145-337 kg/ha) in 64 per cent and high (>337 kg/ha) in 30 per cent of the soils. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in <1 per cent, medium (10-20 ppm) in 29 per cent and high (>20 ppm) in 65 per cent area of the soils Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in about 25 per cent, medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 67 per cent and high (>1.0 ppm) in 2 per cent area of the soils. Available iron is deficient in 84 per cent of the area and sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 13 per cent of the area. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 32 per cent of the area and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 62 per cent of the area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire area. The land suitability for 28 major crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. FINDINGS OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The survey was conducted in Adavalli-1 is located at North latitude 150 18' 20.293” and 150 17’ 21.033'' and East longitude 750 59’ 25.404'' and 750 57’ 22.576” covering an area of about 427.04 ha coming under Kavalura villages of Koppal taluk. Socio-economic analysis of Adavalli-1 micro watersheds of Bannikoppa subwatershed, Koppal taluk & District indicated that, out of the total sample of 40 total respondents, 7 (17.50 %) were marginal, 14 (35.00%) were small, 6 (15.00 %) were Semi medium and 8 (20.00 %) were medium farmers. The population characteristics of households indicated that, there were 112 (58.64%) men and 79 (41.36 %) were women. Majority of the respondents (46.07%) were in the age group of 16-35 years. Education level of the sample households indicated that, there were 29.84 per cent illiterates, 0.52 percent were functional literates, 18.85 per cent of them had primary school education, 2.62 per cent middle school education, and 18.32 per cent high school education, 9.42 per cent of them had PUC education, 0.52 per cent of them had Diploma, 11.52 per cent attained graduation. About, 20.00 per cent of household heads practicing agriculture and 77.50 per cent of the household heads were engaged as agricultural labourers. Agriculture was the major occupation for 10.47 per cent of the household members. In the study area, 80.00 per cent of the households possess katcha house and 2.50 per cent possess pucca house. The durable assets owned by the households showed that, 70.00 per cent possess TV, 17.50 per cent possess mixer grinder, 85.00 per cent possess mobile phones and 37.50 per cent possess motor cycles. Farm implements owned by the households indicated that, 2.50 per cent of the households possess plough, 7.50 per cent possess tractor, 5.00 per cent possess bullock cart and 2.50 per cent possess sprayer. Regarding livestock possession by the households, 5.00 per cent possess local cow and 2.50 per cent possess buffalo. The average labour availability in the study area showed that, own men and women labour availability in the micro watershed was 11.06 each, while the hired labour (men) availability was 2.11. Further, 12.50 per cent of the households opined that hired labour was inadequate during the agricultural season. Out of the total land holding of the sample respondents 96.29 per cent (80.09 ha) of the area is under dry condition and the remaining 2.54 per cent area is irrigated land. There were 1.00 live bore wells among the sampled households. Bore/open well was the major source of irrigation for 2.50 per cent of the households. The major crops grown by sample farmers are Maize, Sunflower, Bengal gram, Redg gram and Cotton and cropping intensity was recorded as 81.55 per cent. 2 The per hectare cost of cultivation for Maize, Sunflower, Bengal gram, Red gram and Cotton was Rs.143546.48 , 30428.73, 32954.11, 33744.81 and 30837.06 with benefit cost ratio of 1:2.10, 1: 1.50, 1: 1.60, 1: 1.40 and 1:1.90 respectively. Further, 10.00 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 10.00 per cent of the households have opined that the green fodder was adequate. The average annual gross income of the farmers was Rs. 74242.50 in micro-watershed, of which Rs. 56842.50 comes from agriculture. Sampled households have grown 7 forestry trees together in the fields and back yards. Households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 3425.00 for land development; Rs.2225 for adoption of improved livestock breeds and Rs.1125 for adoption of improved crop production activities. Source of funds for additional investment is concerned, 40.00 and 17.50 per cent, for irrigation facility was 2.50, for improved crop production was 32.5 and 12.5 per cent and for improved livestock adoption was 20 and 2.5 per cent. Regarding marketing channels, 97.50 per cent of the households have sold agricultural produce to the local/village merchants, while, 2.50 per cent have sold in regulated markets. Further, 110.00 per cent of the households have used tractor for the transport of agriculture commodity. Majority of the farmers (50.00%) have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the watershed and 75.00 per cent of the households were interested towards soil testing. Fire was the major source of fuel for domestic use for 80.00 per cent of the households and 20.00 per cent households has LPG connection. Piped supply was the major source for drinking water for 87.50 per cent of the households. Electricity was the major source of light for 100.00 per cent of the households. In the study area, 62.50 per cent of the households possess toilet facility. Regarding possession of PDS card, 92.50 per cent of the households possessed BPL card, 2.50 per cent of the household’s possessed APL card and 5.00 per cent of the household’s were not having ration cards. Households opined that, the requirement of cereals (100.00%) and pulses (87.50%) are adequate for consumption. Farming constraints experienced by households in the micro watersheds were lower fertility status of the soil (77.50%) wild animal menace on farm field (37.50%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (50.00%), inadequacy of irrigation water (5.00%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (75.00%), high rate of interest on credit (62.50%), low price for the agricultural commodities (62.50%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (57.50%), inadequate extension services (5.00%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (12.50%), Less rainfall (12.50%) and Source of Agri-technology information (Newspaper/ TV/Mobile) (12.50%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.99 &.28 |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/40229 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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107.Adavalli-1(4D4A2P3b).pdf | 13.56 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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