Development of improved varieties and hybrids in safflower_2015

Abstract

Incorporation of pre-flowering morphological maker to identify pollen shedders in A-lines A morphological marker having short-non-pricking-spines present sparsely on outer involuclar bracts (OIB) on flower-heads and leaves has been incorporated in male sterile plants of A-lines, A-133A and A-153 whereas the pollen shedders in these A-lines exhibit long-pricking-spines present densely on IOB .These A-lines exhibited 90-95% male sterility. The marker differentiation of sterile plants and pollen shedders is quite conspicuous about 40-45 days prior to flower opening thus helped roughing out of pollen shedders prior to flowering in hybrid seed production blocks. g/net plot; CV: 12%; CD0.05:121, DSH-290 yielded 48% higher (3895 g/net plot), DSH-303 exhibited 47% higher seed yield (3788 g/net plot), DSH-289 recorded 35% higher seed yield (3601 g/net plot), and DSH-302 (3570 g/net plot) and DSH-301 (3562 g/net plot) recorded 33% higher seed yield than the check hybrid, NARI-H-15 (2645-2671 g/net plot) under minimal irrigated (1 irrigation) condition.

Initial and Advanced Hybrid trials: In the Initial Hybrid Trial (IHT), DSH-242 recorded 36% higher seed yield (2315 kg/ha) than the check hybrid, NARI-H-15 (1704 kg/ha) at the national level. It recorded 45% higher oil yield (665 kg/ha) than the check hybrid, NARI-H-15 (459 kg/ha). DSH-242 exhibited resistance to wilt in wilt sick plots at Solapur and DOR, Hyderabad. In the Advance Hybrid Trial-I (AHT-I), two hybrids yielded 19-37% higher than the check hybrid NARI-H-15 at the national level; DSH-250 recorded 37% higher seed yield (2336 kg/ha) and DSH-249 yielded 19% higher seed yield (2022 kg/ha) than the check hybrid, NARI-H-15 (1704 kg/ha). DSH-250 recorded 37% higher oil yield (630 kg/ha) while DSH-249 yielded 26.7% higher oil yield than NARI-H-15 (459 kg/ha).Both the hybrids exhibited resistance to wilt in wilt sick plots at Solapur and IIOR, Hyderabad. Performance of safflower hybrid DSH-185 in farmers’ fields: Demonstrations of DSH-185 vs. variety A-1 was conducted in the real farm situation in farmers’ fields in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. DSH-185 yielded 17.5 q/ha whilst the check A1 recorded 5 q/ha under rainfed conditions in farmers’ fields at village Khamhariya, Mungeli district, Chhattisgarh under rainfed conditions. Under irrigated condition, DSH-185 recorded 21 q/ha while A1 yielded 18 q/ha in farmers’ fields at Jamb village, Parbhani district, Maharashtra.

Development of parental lines

Intesrspecific derivatives: Interspecific derivatives identified for Alternaria tolerance have continued to show resistance reaction (20%) while the susceptible checks, A1and PBNS-12 had 100% disease severity under very heavy natural infestation of Alternaria in August sown experiment. The advanced generation interspecific derivatives of crosses between susceptible cultivated species (C. tinctorius L.) and the six wild species, C. palaestinus, C. oxyacantha, C. lanatus, C. creticus, C. turkestanicus, and C. glaucus exhibited resistance reaction against Fusarium wilt (0-5%) in wilt sick plot while the wilt incidence in the susceptible check, Nira was >80%. Alternaria and Fusarium wilt resistant lines: An inbred, DSI-107 showed 17.8% Alternaria disease severity whereas the susceptible check, PBNS-12 and other susceptible entries had 77-86% disease at Solapur under heavy disease pressure when sown in August. The inbreds, DSI-108, DSI-111, DSI-112, W-05-2039 and W-05-2028, identified for wilt resistance at IIOR, Hyderabad using wilt sick-pot method confirmed wilt resistance reaction (6-18% wilt incidence) in wilt sick plot at Solapur. High yielding disease resistant parental lines: Four Alternaria tolerant advanced generation interpseific parental lines gave 15 to 85% higher seed yield (1440-2315 g/net plot) than the best check, PBNS-12 (1250 g/net plot; CV: 14%, CD0.05: 202) and six wilt resistant advanced generation interspecific derivatives of (C.oxyacantha x C.tinctorius) C. tinctorius recorded 32-54% higher seed yields than the best check, PBNS-12 in a replicated evaluation trial taken up in rabi. In a separate replicated evaluation trial of wilt resistant parental lines, three wilt resistant (8-18%WI) lines viz., W-521-4, W-521-12, and W-05-2039-4 have recorded 24 to 26% higher seed yield (1055-1085 g/net plot) than the best check, A1 (855g/net plot CV=12%; CD0.05: 152). High oil parental lines: Twenty two parental lines, developed through poly-crossing among the inbred lines developed at IIOR, Hyderabad followed by backcross and pedigree method, have confirmed high oil content ranging from to 34 to 39% in the second consecutive year. Short duration parental lines: Twenty nine short duration selections in F4 generation have flowered in 60-65 days after planting while the checks, PBNS-12 and A1 took 85 days to flower. Rosette stage was absent in the early selections. Prebreeding: Recurrent introgressive population enrichment (RIPE) programme: The 3rd cycle of recurrent introgressive population of 50 genetically diverse breeding lines possessing high seed yield, high seed weight, high number of seeds per capsules, early maturity, high oil and resistance to Fusarium wilt and Phytopthora has been developed through random mating in isolation.

National Crossing programme: Under national crossing programme, F2 generations of three crosses namely, MS 6 (y) x Nari-78, MS 6 (y) x Nari-52, MS 6 (y) x Nari-57 have possessed high oil content (34-37%), and the crosses MS 6 (y) x SSF-773, MS 6 (y) x AKS-DOR (1), MS 6 (y) x PKV Pink, MS 6 (y) x ASD-0-3, MS 6 (y) x PBNS-72, MS 6 (y) x SSF-708 have recorded higher seed yield (2075-2635g/net plot) in F2 generation with low inbreeding depression while the check, A1 has recorded seed yield of 1550g/net plot. A dwarf mutant with very bold capsules has been isolated from a cross in the national crossing programme has been stabilized for short stature with bold capitula trait .