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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT YADGIR RF-3 (4D5B2H2a) MICROWATERSHED Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project. |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., B.A. Dhanorkar, S. Srinivas, M. Lalitha, K.V. Niranjana, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). Land resource inventory and socio-economic status of farm households for watershed planning and development of Yadgir Rf-3 (2H2a) Microwatershed, Yadgir Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICAR-NBSS&LUP Sujala MWS Publ.513, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.123 & 32. |
Series/Report no.: | 513; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Yadgir RF3 Microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and the physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 531 ha in Yadgir taluk & district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought-prone with an average annual rainfall of 866 mm, of which about 652 mm is received during south-west monsoon, 138 mm during north-east and the remaining 76 mm during the rest of the year. An area of 255 ha in the microwatershed is covered by soils and 275 ha by rock outcrops. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 4 soil series and 6 soil phases (management units) and 3 land management units. The length of crop growing period is about 120-150 days starting from 1st week of June to 4th week of October. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 29 major agricultural and horticultural crops was assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. About 255 ha area in the microwatershed is suitable for agriculture. About 46 per cent area of the microwatershed has soils that are deep to very deep (100 - >150 cm) and 3 per cent soils are moderately deep (<25-100 cm). About 8 per cent area in the microwatershed has loamy soils and 40 per cent clayey soils at the surface. Non gravelly (<15%) soils cover in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. About 34 per cent area of the microwatershed is very high (>200 mm/m) in available water capacity and 14 per cent area low (51-100 mm/m) in available water capacity. An area of 43 per cent has very gently sloping (1-3% slope) lands, 5 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) lands in the microwatershed. An area of about 5 per cent is slightly eroded (e1) and 43 per cent area is moderately (e2) eroded. Entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is neutral (pH 6.5-7.3) in soil reaction. The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed is <2 dsm-1indicating that the soils are non-saline. About 27 per cent area of the microwatershed is high (>0.75%) in organic carbon content and medium (0.5-0.75%) in 19 per cent area of the microwatershed. About 3 per cent area is high (>57 kg/ha), 24 per cent area is low (<23 kg/ha) and 21 per cent is medium (23-57 kg/ha) in available phosphorus. Entire cultivated area is high (>337 kg/ha) in available potassium content of the microwatershed. Available sulphur is medium (10-20 ppm) in <1 per cent and low (<10 ppm) in 48 per cent of the microwatershed. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in 23 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 25 per cent area of the microwatershed. Available iron is sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in the entire cultivated area of the microwatershed. The land suitability for 29 major crops grown in the microwatershed were assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (S1) and moderately suitable (S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the Microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum - 195(37) Guava - 14(3) Maize 14(3) 181(34) Sapota - 14(3) Bajra 14(3) 181(34) Pomegranate - 195(37) Groundnut 14(3) - Musambi - 195(37) Sunflower - 195(37) Lime - 195(37) Redgram - 195(37) Amla 14(3) - Bengal gram - 181(34) Cashew - 14(3) Cotton - 181(34) Jackfruit - 14(3) Chilli 14(3) 181(34) Jamun - - Tomato 14(3) - Custard apple 14(3) 181(34) Brinjal 14(3) - Tamarind - - Onion 14(3) - Mulberry - 14(3) Bhendi 14(3) 181(34) Marigold 14(3) 181(34) Drumstick 14(3) - Chrysanthemum 14(3) 181(34) Mango - - Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital for crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and sub marginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in not only supplementing the farm income but also provide fodder and fuel and generate lot of biomass which would help in maintaining an ecological balance and also contribute to mitigating the climate change. SALIENT FINDINGS OF THE SURVEY The data indicated that there were 115 (58.67 %) men and 81 (41.33%) women among the sampled households. The average family size of landless farmers’ was 4.7, marginal farmers’ was 5.0, small farmers’ was 5.6, semi medium farmers’ was 6.4, and medium farmers’ was 5.7. The data indicated that, 42 (21.43 %) people were in 0-15 years of age, 72 (36.73 %) were in 16-35 years of age, 64 (32.65 %) were in 36-60 years of age and 18 (9.18 %) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that Yadgir Rf-3 had 62.24 per cent illiterates, 22.96 per cent of them had primary school education, 3.57 per cent of them had middle school education, 1.53 per cent of them had high school education, 2.55 per cent of them had PUC education, 3.57 per cent of them had degree education and 3.57 per cent of the population had Others. The results indicate that, 88.89 per cent of households were practicing agriculture, and 11.11 per cent of the households were agricultural labourers. The results indicate that agriculture was the major occupation for 17.86 per cent of the household members, 58.16 per cent were agricultural laborers, 20.41 per cent were students, 0.51 per cent was housewives and 3.06 per cent were children. The results show that, 100 per cent of the population in the micro watershed has not participated in any local institutions. The results indicate that 2.78 per cent of the households possess Thatched house, 75 per cent of the households possess katch house and 19.44 per cent of them possess pucca/RCC house. The results show that 83.33 per cent of the households possess TV, 5.56 per cent of the households possess Mixer grinder, 47.22 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 5.56 per cent of the households possess bicycle and 97.22 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results show that the average value of television was Rs.6350, mixer grinder was Rs.1200, motor cycle was Rs.46176, Bicycle was Rs.40000 and mobile phone was Rs.2166. About 44.44 per cent of the households possess plough, 36.11 per cent of them possess seed/fertilizer drill, 36.11per cent of them possess sprayer and 16.67 per cent of them possess weeder. The results show that the average value of plough was Rs.3531, the average value of seed/fertilizer drill was Rs.2623, the average value of sprayer was Rs.2500 and the average value of weeder was Rs.19. The results indicate that, 38.89 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 19.44 per cent of the households possess local cow and 2.78 per cent of the households possess sheep. 2 The results indicate that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.94, average own labour (women) available was 1.39, average hired labour (men) available was 8.36 and average hired labour (women) available was 10.67. The results indicate that, 100 per cent of the households opined that the hired labour was inadequate. The results indicate that, households of the Yadgir Rf-3 micro-watershed possess 16.66 ha (45.59%) of dry land and 19.88 ha (54.41%) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 5.34 ha (92.63%) of dry land and 0.42 ha (7.37 %) of irrigated land. Small farmers possess 8.37 ha (70.26 %) of dry land and 3.54 ha (29.74 %) of irrigation land. Semi medium farmers possess 2.95 ha (26.66 %) of dry land and 8.13 ha (73.34%) of irrigated land. Medium farmers possess 7.79 ha (100 %) of dry land. The results indicate that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 384,062.20 and average value of irrigated land was Rs. 367,005.91. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 674,147.09 for dry land and the average land value was Rs. 1,411,428.64 of irrigated land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 286,792.46 for dry land and the average land value was Rs. 508,114.30 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 135,342.46 for dry land and the average land value was Rs 430,527.89 of irrigated land. In case of medium farmers, the average land value was Rs. 179,636.36 for irrigated land. The results indicate that, there were 14 functioning and 13 de-functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicate that, bore well was the major irrigation source in the micro water shed for 38.89 per cent of the farmers. The results indicate that, the depth of bore well was found to be 28.70 meters. The results indicate that, marginal, small, semi-medium and medium farmers had an irrigated area of 0.43 ha, 3.54 ha, 8.13 ha and 7.69 ha respectively. The results indicate that, farmers have grown red gram (18.57 ha), green gram (1.65 ha), jowar (0.81 ha), paddy (2.02 ha) and groundnut (9.59 ha). Marginal farmers have grown redgram, greengram, groundnut and cotton. Small farmers have grown redgram, groundnut and cotton. Semi medium farmers have grown redgram, groundnut and cotton. Medium farmers have grown redgram, jowar and paddy. The results indicate that, the cropping intensity in Yadgir Rf-3 micro-watershed was found to be 100 per cent. The results indicate that, 80.56 per cent of the households have bank account. The results indicate that, 58.33 per cent of the households have availed credit from different sources. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for cotton was Rs. 37423.22. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 75126.48. The net income from cotton cultivation was Rs. 37703.26, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.01. 3 The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for red gram was Rs. 33992.38. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 65379.75. The net income from red gram cultivation was Rs. 31387.37. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.92. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for green gram was Rs. 23180.78. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 63380.26. The net income from green gram cultivation was Rs. 40199.48. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.73. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs. 20333.31. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 76570.00. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. 56236.69. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:3.77. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for sorghum was Rs. 35091.38. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 48782.50. The net income from sorghum cultivation was Rs. 13691.12. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.39. The results indicate that, the total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 51252.31. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 115153.83. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 63901.52. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.25 The results indicate that, 13.89 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 22.22 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was inadequate. The results indicate that the average annual gross income was Rs. 112,500.00 for landless farmers, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 113,580, for small farmers it was Rs. 164,350, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 237,171.43, and for medium farmers it was Rs. 229,000. The results indicate that the average annual expenditure is Rs. 13,599.52. For landless households it was Rs. 8,388.89, for marginal farmers it was Rs. 9,543.56, for small farmers it was Rs. 7,815.68, for semi medium farmers it was Rs. 20,665.31 and for medium farmers it was Rs. 40,333.33. The results indicate that, sampled households have grown 1 jack fruit and 2 mango trees in their fields. The results indicate that, households have planted 1 tamarind and 49 neem trees in their fields. The results indicated that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 611 for land development. The results indicated that Government subsidy was the source of additional investment for 2.78 per cent for land development, Soft loan was the source of additional investment for 2.78 per cent for land development. The results indicated that, green gram was sold to the extent of 73.7 per cent; paddy was sold to the extent of 50 per cent, red gram to the extent of 81.3 per cent, jowar to 4 the extent of 33.3 per cent, groundnut to the extent of 77.3 per cent and cotton to the extent of 100 per cent The results indicated that, about 86.11 per cent of the farmers sold their produce to regulated market. The results indicated that, 80.56 per cent of the households have used tractor as a mode of transportation for their agricultural produce and 5.56 per cent have used flight as a mode of transportation. The results indicated that, 19.44 per cent of the households have experienced soil and water erosion problems in the farm. The results indicated that, 80.56 per cent have shown interest in soil test. The results indicated that, 97.22 per cent of the households used firewood and 2.78 per cent of them used LPG as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 19.44 per cent of the households and bore well was the source of drinking water for 77.78 per cent of the households in the micro watershed. The results indicated that, Electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households in micro watershed. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 100 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL. The results indicated that, 36.11 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme. The results indicated that, cereals were adequate for 100.0 per cent of the households, pulses were adequate for 86.11 per cent, oilseeds were adequate for 41.67 per cent, vegetables were adequate for 33.33 per cent, fruits were adequate for 33.33 per cent, milk was adequate for 33.33 per cent, eggs were adequate for 36.11 per cent and meat was inadequate for 2.78 per cent. The results indicated that, pulses were inadequate for 13.89 per cent of the households, oilseeds were inadequate for 58.33 per cent, vegetables were inadequate for 63.89 per cent, fruits were inadequate for 55.56 per cent, and eggs were inadequate for 61.11 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint experienced by 83.33 per cent of the households, wild animal menace on farm field (66.67%), frequent incidence of pest and diseases (50.00%), inadequacy of irrigation water (19.44%), high cost of fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (19.44%), low price for the agricultural commodities (16.67%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (11.11%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (27.78%) and inadequate extension services (38.89%). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.123 & 32. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru. |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/44012 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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