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Title: | LAND RESOURCE INVENTORY AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS FOR WATERSHED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT ABBAGERE (4D3A9B1d) MICROWATERSHED Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka |
Other Titles: | Not Available |
Authors: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh |
ICAR Data Use Licennce: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/ICAR_Data_Use_Licence.pdf |
Author's Affiliated institute: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning |
Published/ Complete Date: | 2019-12-31 |
Project Code: | Not Available |
Keywords: | Details of Soil Survey, Soil constraints, Soil and Water Conservation, Soil Suitability, Economic Land Evaluation, Watershed Planning, Sujala – III Project |
Publisher: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru & Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (Sujala-III Project) |
Citation: | Rajendra Hegde, Ramesh Kumar, S.C., K.V. Niranjana, S. Srinivas, M.Lalitha, B.A. Dhanorkar, R.S. Reddy and S.K. Singh (2019). “Land Resource Inventory and Socio- Economic Status of Farm Households for Watershed Planning and Development of Abbagere (4D3A9B1d) Microwatershed, Koppal Taluk and District, Karnataka”, ICARNBSS& LUP Sujala MWS Publ.206, ICAR – NBSS & LUP, RC, Bangalore. p.113 & 41. |
Series/Report no.: | 206; |
Abstract/Description: | The land resource inventory of Abbagiri microwatershed was conducted using village cadastral maps and IRS satellite imagery on 1:7920 scale. The false colour composites of IRS imagery were interpreted for physiography and these physiographic delineations were used as base for mapping soils. The soils were studied in several transects and a soil map was prepared with phases of soil series as mapping units. Random checks were made all over the area outside the transects to confirm and validate the soil map unit boundaries. The soil map shows the geographic distribution and extent, characteristics, classification, behavior and use potentials of the soils in the Microwatershed. The present study covers an area of 721 ha in Koppal taluk and district, Karnataka. The climate is semiarid and categorized as drought - prone with an average annual rainfall of 662 mm, of which about 424 mm is received during south –west monsoon, 161 mm during north-east and the remaining 77 mm during the rest of the year. An area of about 86 per cent is covered by soils, 6 per cent by rock out crops,<1 per cent by mining/industrial area, 7 per cent by water bodies, settlements and others. The salient findings from the land resource inventory are summarized briefly below. The soils belong to 14 soil series and 34 soil phases (management units) and 7 Land management Units. The length of crop growing period is <90 days and starts from 2nd week of August to 2nd week of November. From the master soil map, several interpretative and thematic maps like land capability, soil depth, surface soil texture, soil gravelliness, available water capacity, soil slope and soil erosion were generated. Soil fertility status maps for macro and micronutrients were generated based on the surface soil samples collected at every 320 m grid interval. Land suitability for growing 28 major agricultural and horticultural crops were assessed and maps showing the degree of suitability along with constraints were generated. Entire area is suitable for agriculture. About 8 per cent of the soils are shallow (25-50 cm), 15 per cent is moderately shallow (50-75 cm), 51 per cent moderately deep (75- 100 cm) and 12 per cent has deep to very deep soils (100 ->150 cm). An area of about 9 per cent has sandy surface, 64 per cent loamy soils and 13 per cent has clayey soils at the surface. About 27 per cent of the area has non-gravelly (<15%) soils, 54 per cent has gravelly soils (15-35 % gravel), 6 per cent very gravelly (35- 60% gravel) and <1 per cent has extremely gravelly (60-80%) soils. With respect to available water capacity 63 per cent of the area has very low (<50mm/m), 15 per cent of the area has low (51-100 mm/m), 8 per cent medium (101- 150 mm/m) and <1 per cent area has very high (>200mm/m). An area of about 5 per cent has nearly level (0-1%) lands, 81 per cent very gently sloping (1-3%) lands and <1 per cent has gently sloping lands(3-5%). An area of about 15 per cent is slightly eroded (e1) and 71 per cent is moderately eroded (e2) lands. An area of about 10 per cent moderately acid (pH 5.5 to 6.0), 15 per cent slightly acid (pH 6.0-6.5) 44 per cent has neutral (pH 6.5 to 7.3) soils, 13 per cent slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 7.8) and 5 per cent moderately alkaline (pH 7.8 to 8.4). The Electrical Conductivity (EC) of the soils are <2 dsm-1 indicating that the soils are non saline. Organic carbon is medium (0.5-0.75%) in 11 per cent and high (>0.75%) in 75 per cent area of the soils. Available phosphorus is low (<23 kg/ha) in 9 per cent, medium (23-57 kg/ha) in 34 per cent and high (>57 kg/ha) in 43 per cent of the soils. Available potassium is low (<145 kg/ha) in 28 per cent, medium (145-337 kg/ha) in 46 per cent and high (>337 kg/ha) in 12 per cent of the soils. Available sulphur is low (<10 ppm) in 57 per cent and medium (10-20 ppm) in 30 per cent area of the soils. Available boron is low (<0.5 ppm) in about 77 per cent and medium (0.5-1.0 ppm) in 9 per cent area of the soils. Available iron is deficient in 32 per cent of the area and sufficient (>4.5 ppm) in 55 per cent of the area. Available zinc is deficient (<0.6 ppm) in 47 per cent of the area and sufficient (>0.6 ppm) in 39 per cent of the area. Available manganese and copper are sufficient in the entire area. The land suitability for 28 major agricultural and horticultural crops grown in the microwatershed was assessed and the areas that are highly suitable (class S1) and moderately suitable (class S2) are given below. It is however to be noted that a given soil may be suitable for various crops but what specific crop to be grown may be decided by the farmer looking to his capacity to invest on various inputs, marketing infrastructure, market price, and finally the demand and supply position. Land suitability for various crops in the microwatershed Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Crop Suitability Area in ha (%) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Highly suitable (S1) Moderately suitable (S2) Sorghum 9 (1) 140(19) Pomegranate - 174(24) Maize 9 (1) 140(19) Guava - 147(20) Bajra 9 (1) 275(38) Jackfruit - 147(20) Redgram - 30(4) Jamun - 117(16) Bengal gram 9(1) 158 (22) Musambi - 174 (24) Groundnut - 325 (45) Lime - 174 (24) Sunflower - 57(8) Cashew - 309(43) Cotton - 149 (20) Custard apple - 562 (78) Chilli - 122(17) Amla - 562(78) Tomato 9(1) 113(15) Tamarind 38(5) Drumstick - 143 (20) Marigold - 122(20) Mulbery - 470(65) Chrysanthemum - 122(20) Mango - - Jasmine - 122 (17) Sapota - 147(20) Crossandra - 149(20) Apart from the individual crop suitability, a proposed crop plan has been prepared for the 7 identified LMUs by considering only the highly and moderately suitable lands for different crops and cropping systems with food, fodder, fibre and other horticulture crops. Maintaining soil-health is vital to crop production and conserve soil and land resource base for maintaining ecological balance and to mitigate climate change. For this, several ameliorative measures have been suggested to these problematic soils like saline/alkali, highly eroded, sandy soils etc., Soil and water conservation treatment plan has been prepared that would help in identifying the sites to be treated and also the type of structures required. As part of the greening programme, several tree species have been suggested to be planted in marginal and submarginal lands, field bunds and also in the hillocks, mounds and ridges. This would help in supplementing the farm income, provide fodder and fuel, and generate lot of biomass which in turn would help in maintaining the ecological balance and contribute to mitigating the climate change. Results indicated that 34 farmers were sampled in Abbagiri micro watershed among them 7 (20.59%) were marginal farmers, 15 (44.12 %) were small farmers, 4 (11.76 %) were semi medium farmers, 2 (5.88%) were medium farmers, 1(2.94%) was large farmer and 5 (14.71 %) landless farmers were also interviewed for the survey. The data indicated that there were 142 population households were there in the studied micro watershed. Among them 79 (55.63%) men and 63 (44.37 %) were women. The average family size of landless was 3, marginal farmers and small farmers were 4, semi medium and medium farmers were 5 and large farmer was 10. On an average the family size was 4. The data indicated that 20 (14.08%) people were in 0-15 years of age, 73 (51.41 %) were in 16-35 years of age, 36 (25.35 %) were in 36-60 years of age and 13 (9.15 %) were above 61 years of age. The results indicated that the Abbagiri had 40.14 per cent illiterates, 0.70 per cent were functional literates, 26.06 per cent of them had primary school education, 10.56 per cent of them had both middle school, 14.79 per cent them had high school education, 4.93 per cent of them had PUC education, 0.70 per cent of them had degree education and 2.11 per cent them had others. The results indicated that, 55.88 per cent of households practicing agriculture, 35.29 per cent of the household heads were agricultural labour and 8.82 per cent of the household heads were general labour. The results indicated that agriculture was the major occupation for 45.07 per cent of the household members, 30.99 per cent were agricultural labourers, 7.75 per cent were general labours, 0.70 percent were in private sector, 12.68 per cent of them were students and 2.86 per cent of them were children. In case of landless households 14.29 per cent were agricultural labours, 64.29 per cent were general labourers and 21.43 per cent were students. In case of marginal farmers 39.29 per cent were both agriculturist and agricultural labour, 3.57 per cent of both were in private and 14.29 per cent were students. In case of small farmers 56.14 per cent of them were agriculturist, 22.81 per cent of them were agriculture labour, 3.51 per cent were general labour and 14.04 per cent of them were students. In case of semi medium farmers 27.27 per cent of the family members were agriculturist, 54.55 per cent were agriculture labour and 13.64 per cent of them were students. In case of medium farmers 45.45 per cent of the family members were agriculturist and 54.55 per cent of them were agriculture labours. In large farmers 100 per cent of them were doing agriculture. The results showed 100 per cent of the farmers have not participated in any local institutions. 2 The results indicated that 50 per cent of the households possess Katcha house, 17.65 per cent of the households possess Pucca house and 32.35 per cent of them possess Thatched house. The results showed that, 82.35 per cent of the households possess TV, 67.65 per cent of the households possess Mixer grinder, 23.53 per cent of the households possess bicycle, 35.29 per cent of the households possess motor cycle, 2.94 per cent of the households possess Auto and 91.18 per cent of the households possess mobile phones. The results showed that the average value of television was Rs. 7178, mixer grinder was Rs.1630, bicycle was Rs.1375, motor cycle was Rs.30416, Auto was Rs. 300000 and mobile phone was Rs.1537. Results showed about 23.53 per cent of the households possess bullock cart, 44.12 per cent of them possess plough, 2.94 per cent of the households possess tractor, 32.35 per cent of the households possess sprayer, 91.18 per cent of the households possess weeder, 2.94 per cent of the households possess harvester and 11.76 per cent of the households possess chaff cutter. The results showed that the average value of bullock cart was Rs.17975; the average value of plough was Rs. 929, the average value of tractor was Rs. 300000, the average value of sprayer was Rs. 3125, the average value of weeder was Rs. 64, the average value of harvester was Rs. 48000 and the average value of chaff cutter was Rs. 3000. The results indicated that, 41.18 per cent of the households possess bullocks, 35.29 per cent of the households possess local cow, 8.82 per cent of the households possess sheep and 2.94 per cent of the households possess goat. The data indicated that in case of marginal farmers, 28.57 per cent of the households possess bullock and 42.86 per cent of household possess local cow. In case of small farmers, 46.67 per cent of households possess bullock, 26.67 per cent possess local cow, 13.33 per cent of the households possess sheep and 6.67 per cent possess goat. In case of semi medium farmers, 75 per cent of the households possess bullock and 50 per cent possess local cow. In medium farmers 50 per cent of the household possess bullock and 100 per cent of them have possess local cow. In case of large farmers 100 per cent of the farmers have possess bullock, local cow and sheep respectively. The results indicated that, average own labour men available in the micro watershed was 1.79, average own labour (women) available was 1.61, average hired labour (men) available was 8.34 and average hired labour (women) available was 7.79. The data showed that in case of marginal farmers, average own labour men available was 1, average own labour (women) was also 1.67, average hired labour (men) was 7.86 and average hired labour (women) available was also 3 7.86. In case of small farmers, average own labour men available was 1.73, average own labour (women) was 1.40, average hired labour (men) was 8.87 and average hired labour (women) available was 8.40. In case of semi medium farmers, average own labour men available was 2.25, average own labour (women) was 1.50, average hired labour (men) was 9.25 and average hired labour (women) available was 6.75. In medium farmers average own labour men available was 2.50, average own labour (women) was 2, average hired labour (men) was 5 and average hired labour (women) available was 5. In large farmers average own labour men available was 4, average own labour (women) was 4, average hired labour (men) was 7 and average hired labour (women) available was 8. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the household opined that hired labour was adequate. The results indicated that, households of the Abbagiri micro watershed possess 33.19 ha (51.34 %) of dry land and 31.46 ha (48.66 %) of irrigated land. Marginal farmers possess 4.98 ha (91.11 %) of dry land and 0.49 ha (8.89%) of irrigated land. Small farmers possess 19.29 ha (93.38 %) of dry land and 1.37 ha (6.62 %) of irrigated land. Semi medium farmers possess 2.02 ha (30.94 %) of dry land and 4.52 ha (69.06 %) of irrigated land. Medium farmers possess 6.90 (81%) of dry land and 1.62 ha (19%) of irrigated land. Large farmers possess 23.47 ha (100%) of irrigated land. The results indicated that, the average value of dry land was Rs. 307,206.44 and average value of irrigated was Rs. 724665.73. In case of marginal famers, the average land value was Rs. 481,951.22 for dry land and Rs. 1,234,999.95 for irrigated land. In case of small famers, the average land value was Rs. 310,952.58 for dry land Rs. 1,023,076.96 for irrigated land. In case of semi medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 296,400 for dry land and Rs. 531,182.79 for irrigated land. In case of medium famers, the average land value was Rs. 173841.64 for dry land and was Rs. 494,000 for irrigated land. In case of large farmers the average land value was Rs. 340068.97 for irrigated land. The results indicated that, there were 9 functioning bore wells in the micro watershed. The results indicated that, bore well was the major irrigation source for 26.47 per cent of the farmers. The results indicated that on an average the depth of the bore well was 22.32 meters. The results indicated that, in case of small farmers there was 1.37 ha of irrigated land, in case of semi medium farmers there was 3.71 ha of irrigated land, medium farmers were having 1.62 ha of irrigated land and large farmers were having 6.48 ha of irrigated land. On an average there were 13.17 ha of irrigated land. 4 The results indicated that, farmers have grown bajra (8.66 ha), maize (21.52 ha), paddy (2.66 ha), groundnut (4.86 ha), navane (0.88 ha), red gram (1.29 ha) and sunflower (0.81 ha) in kharif season. Also grown groundnut (1.28 ha) in Rabi season. Marginal farmers have grown Maize, Bajra, groundnut and paddy. Small farmers have grown bajra, maize, paddy, navane, red gram and sunflower. Semi medium farmers have grown Maize and groundnut. Medium farmers have grown bajra and maize. Large farmers have grown groundnut and paddy. The results indicated that, the cropping intensity in Abbagiri micro watershed was found to be 80.20 per cent. In case of marginal, semi medium and large farmers it was 100 per cent, in small farmers the cropping intensity was 87.02 per cent and in medium farmers it was 43.75 per cent. The results indicated that, 91.50 per cent of the households have bank account and 50 per cent of the households have savings. Among marginal farmers 40 percent of them possess bank account and 20 per cent possess savings. 100 per cent of small farmers possess bank account and 57.14 per cent of them possess savings. Semi medium farmers possess 100 per cent of bank account and 66.67 per cent possess savings. Medium category of farmers possesses 100 per cent of bank account and 50 per cent of them possess savings. 100 per cent of large farmers possess bank account. The results indicated that, 40 per cent of landless, 57.14 per cent of marginal, 66.67 per cent of small, 25 per cent of semi medium, 50 per cent of medium and 100 per cent of large farmers have borrowed credit from different sources. The results indicated that, 52.63 per cent have availed loan in commercial bank, 26.13 per cent have availed loan from Grameena bank and 21.05 per cent have availed loan from money lender. The results indicated that, marginal, small, semi medium, medium and large farmers have availed Rs.152500, Rs. 128000, Rs. 260000, Rs. 360000 and Rs. 300000 respectively. Overall average credit amount availed by households in the micro watershed is 147894.74. The results indicated that, 89.47 per cent of the households have borrowed loan for agriculture production. The results indicated that, agriculture production, income generating activities, purchase-vehicle and social functions like marriage reasons were the purpose for which marginal, small and semi medium farmers borrowed loan from private credit. About 25 percent of loan was taken for agriculture production, income generating activities, purchase-vehicle and social functions like marriage respectively. Results indicated that 10 per cent of the households have repaid their institutional credit partially, 80 percent of the households have unpaid their loan and 10 percent of the households have fully paid their loan. 5 Results indicated that 75 per cent of the households have repaid their private credit partially and 25 percent of the households have unpaid their loan. The results indicated that 45 per cent of the households were opined that they were helped to perform timely agricultural operations, 25 per cent of farmers opined that higher rate of interest and 5 per cent of them opined that they forced to sell the produce at low price to repay loan in time respectively. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for bajra was Rs. 21127.54. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 26854.61. The net income from bajra cultivation was Rs. 5727.07, thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.27. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for maize was Rs. 22389.84. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 26497.78. The net income from maize cultivation was Rs. 4107.93. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.18. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for paddy was Rs. 47014.73. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 106400.81. The net income from paddy cultivation was Rs. 59386.09. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:2.26. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for groundnut was Rs. 46981.45. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 63906.15. The net income from groundnut cultivation was Rs. 16924.70. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.36. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for Sunflower was Rs. 31003.53. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 55575.00. The net income from Sunflower cultivation was Rs. 24571.47. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:1.79. The results indicated that, the total cost of cultivation for red gram was Rs. 22829.07. The gross income realized by the farmers was Rs. 16311.32. The net income from red gram cultivation was Rs. -6517.75. Thus the benefit cost ratio was found to be 1:0.71. The results indicated that, 41.18 per cent of the households opined that dry fodder was adequate and 29.41 per cent of the households opined that green fodder was adequate. The table indicated that, in case of landless, the average income from business Rs. 8000 and wage Rs. 52000. In case marginal farmers the average income from service/salary was Rs.8571.43, business was Rs.11428.57, wage was Rs.5000, agriculture was Rs.44471.43 and dairy farm was Rs.3660.71. In small farmers, the average income from service/salary was Rs.11000, wage was Rs.18666.67, agriculture was Rs.43133.33, dairy farm was Rs.533.33 and goat farming was Rs.6000. In semi medium farmers the average income from business was 6 Rs.28750, wage was Rs.10000 and agriculture was Rs.72200. In medium farmers the average income from wage was Rs.9000, agriculture was Rs.67500 and dairy farm was Rs.1500. In case of large farmers the average income from wage was Rs.10000, agriculture was Rs.130000 and goat farming was Rs.60000. The results indicated that, in case of land less, the average expenditure from business Rs. 20000 and wage Rs. 30000. In marginal farmers, the average expenditure from business was Rs.30000, wage was Rs.1500, agriculture was Rs.23000 and dairy farm was Rs.5250. In small farmers, the average expenditure from service/salary was Rs.32500, wage was Rs.5714.29, agriculture was Rs.20642.86, dairy farm was Rs.333.33 and goat farming was Rs.20000.In semi medium farmers the average expenditure from business was Rs.60000, wage was Rs.5000 and agriculture was Rs.28750. In medium farmers the average expenditure from wage was Rs.2000, agriculture was Rs.27500 and dairy farm was Rs.1000. In case of large farmers the average expenditure from wage was Rs.2000, agriculture was Rs.50000 and goat farming was Rs.5000. The results indicated that, sampled households have grown 23 coconut trees and 17 mango trees in their field and also planted 2 coconut trees in their back yard. The results indicated that, households have planted 23 teak trees, 38 neem trees, 3 tamarind tress, 2 pongamia and 4 banyan trees in their field. The results indicate that, households have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1117.65 for land development, Rs. 294.14 in irrigation facility, Rs.823.53 for improved crop production and Rs.264.71 for improved livestock management. The result showed that small farmers have an average investment capacity of Rs. 1066.67 for land development, Rs.800 for improved crop production and Rs.200 for improved livestock management. Semi medium farmers have an average investment capacity of Rs. 5500 for land development, Rs. 2500 in irrigation facility, Rs.4000 for improved crop production and Rs.1500 for improved livestock management. The results indicated that for 14.71 per cent of the households were dependent on loan from the bank for land development, 5.88 per cent of the households were dependent on soft loans for irrigation facility. For improved crop production 5.88 per cent of the households were dependent on own funds and 8.82 per cent of them dependent on soft loan. For improved livestock management 8.82 per cent of the households were dependent on own funds. The results indicated that, maize and sunflower crops were sold to the extent of 100 per cent. Bajra, groundnut, paddy and red gram were sold to the extent of 90.20 per cent, 93.64 per cent, 90.83 per cent and 71.43 per cent respectively. The results indicated that, 5.88 percent of the households have sold their produce to agent/traders, 73.53 percent of the households have sold their produce to local/village merchant,14.71 percent of the households sold their produce in 7 regulated markets and 8.82 percent of the households sold their produce to cooperative marketing Society. The results indicated that 2.94 per cent of the households have used cart as a mode of transport, 55.88 per cent of them have used tractor and 44.12 per cent have used truck. The results indicated that, 35.29 per cent of the households have experienced the soil and water erosion problems i.e. 42.86 percent of marginal farmers, 33.33 per cent of small farmers, 50 per cent of semi medium farmers, 50 percent of medium farmers and 100 per cent of the large farmers. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households have shown interest in soil testing. The results indicated that, 100 percent used fire wood as a source of fuel. The results indicated that, piped supply was the major source of drinking water for 97.02 per cent households and 2.94 per cent of them were using bore well for drinking water. The results indicated that, electricity was the major source of light for 100 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, 55.88 per cent of the households possess sanitary toilet i.e. 60 per cent of landless, 100 per cent of marginal, semi medium, medium and large farmers and 13.33 small farmers had sanitary toilet facility. The results indicated that, 97.06 per cent of the sampled households possessed BPL card and 2.94 per cent of the sampled households have not possessed BPL card. The results indicated that, 47.06 per cent of the households participated in NREGA programme which included 60 per cent of the landless, 14.29 percent of the marginal, 33.33 per cent of the small, 100 per cent of the semi medium, medium and large farmers respectively. The results indicated that, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits , milk, egg and meat were adequate for 94.12 per cent, 67.65 per cent, 23.53 per cent, 44.12 per cent, 47.06 per cent, 52.94 per cent, 64.71 per cent and 50 per cent respectively. The results indicated that, cereals, pulses, oilseed, vegetables, fruits milk, egg and meat were inadequate for 5.88 per cent, 32.35 per cent, 73.53 per cent, 55.88 per cent, 52.94 per cent, 47.06 per cent,35.29 per cent and 50 per cent of the households. The results indicated that, 85.29 per cent of the households experienced by lower fertility status of the soil was the constraint and wild animal menace on farm field, frequent incidence of pest and diseases (67.65%), inadequacy of irrigation water (58.82%), high cost of Fertilizers and plant protection chemicals (79.41%), high rate of interest on credit (73.53%), low price for the agricultural 8 commodities (79.41%), lack of marketing facilities in the area (61.76%), inadequate extension services (55.88%), lack of transport for safe transport of the agricultural produce to the market (85.29%), less rainfall (8.82%) and Source of Agri-technology information(Newspaper/TV/Mobile) (2.94 %). |
Description: | Not Available |
ISSN: | Not Available |
Type(s) of content: | Project Report |
Sponsors: | Watershed Development Department, Government of Karnataka (World Bank Funded) Sujala –III Project |
Language: | English |
Name of Journal: | Not Available |
Volume No.: | Not Available |
Page Number: | p.113 & 41. |
Name of the Division/Regional Station: | ICAR::National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Regional Centre, Bengaluru |
Source, DOI or any other URL: | Not Available |
URI: | http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/49999 |
Appears in Collections: | NRM-NBSSLUP-Publication |
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