Multi-omics Strategies to Identify the Unidentified: Current Approaches in Molecular Microbial Diversity Analysis

Abstract

Microorganisms are silently playing valuable role in the biogeochemical cycles of the atmosphere since the early days of their evolution and it is because of their activities, this earth has been transformed into today’s situation. These tiny and often unseen organisms are responsible for recycling of nutrients and organic compounds and contribute to plant, animal and human nutrition, soil structure and fertility, soil health and ecosystem functioning. Prokaryotes, the first life forms of the earth are considered as the ancestors of all kinds of organisms. These life forms with cells having hereditary information not bound by the nucleus (karyon) have existed twice longer (4 Gyr) than higher eukaryotic organisms with DNA bound in nucleus such as fungi, plants and animals (2 Gyr).