Climate change and its impact on fisheries and aquaculture

Abstract

Climate change is one of the most prime areas of concern in today's climate change scenario. It occurs due to both human and natural activities. The earth's climate is changed through natural causes like volcanic eruptions, ocean current, the earth's orbital changes and solar variations. The energy sector is responsible for about % of the carbon dioxide emissions, 1/5 of the methane emissions and a large quantity of nitrous oxide. Carbon dioxide is undoubtedly, the most important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Changes in land use pattern, deforestation, land clearing, agriculture, and other activities have all led to a rise in the emission of carbon dioxide. Global warming refers to an increase in average global temperature of the Earth's, which in turn causes climate change. Climate change impacts in the sector will potentially act across the four dimensions of food security: availability, stability, access and utilization. Higher temperature can alter the physiological functions such as thermal tolerance, growth, metabolism, food consumption, reproduction and to ability to maintain internal homeostasis in aquatic organisms. The actual impact of climate change should be evaluated by studying the synergistic or antagonistic effect of temperature with multiple stressors of the ecosystem on aquatic animals.