Thiamine and Pyridoxine loaded Vanillic acid Grafted Chitosan: A Functional Food ingredient to mitigate swimming induced Oxidative stress in Animal model

Abstract

The study was conducted to evaluate the biofunctional properties of thiamine and pyridoxineloaded vanillic acid grafted-chitosan (TPVGC) to perform as an oxidative stress mitigating agent. The antioxidant properties of TPVGC assessed in terms of DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay indicated that the bioactivities are mainly dose dependent. Further, the metabolic enzyme associated beneficial properties of TPVGC were assessed in an animal model through swimming induced stress. Animals were randomly distributed into four experimental groups and fed with TPVGC at 0, 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4% in the diet for a period of 45 days. During the experimental period, the animals were exposed to swimming exercise for 50 min daily. Average swimming-time and antifatigue activity revealed that the animals fed with graded level of TPVGC enhanced stamina and swimming activity. Control group fed without TPVGC were lethargic after 30 min of swimming. Metabolic responses were assessed in terms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. LDH, MDH, catalase and SOD activities of treatment group showed significant (p<0.05) reduction compared to control. However, a reverse trend was observed for AChE activity. This was further supported by the results of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which indicates the major variables contributed to variation in case of individual tissue samples. Based on the results, it is inferred that the supplementation of TPVGC has stress mitigation role along with enhanced stamina during the swimming exercise. It is hence surmised that TPVGC can function as a potential nutraceutical due to its proven functional properties notably faster stress recovery and stamina boost, which has prospective applications in human healthcare/livestock segments in the contemporary global scenario.