Comprehensive review on fish infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

Abstract

IPNV is the most prevalent virus of salmonids, mainly rainbow trout. This virus is known for its ability to survive for extended periods in aquatic environments, making prevention and control of infections a significant challenge. Despite concerted efforts to develop effective treatments for IPNV, the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines remains a pressing concern. To develop effective therapeutics against IPNV, a multidisciplinary approach that includes genome sequencing, molecular docking, and transcriptomic analysis is essential. By delving into the intricacies of IPNV, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the virus, including its genome organization and the amino acid patterns that contribute to its virulence. In addition, a description of the diagnostic tools used to isolate and characterize IPNV is provided. Furthermore, we attempted to explain classification based on genogrouping and serogrouping. Moreover, significant developments in the treatment of this disease using several antivirals and the role of bioinformatics in knowledge mining of IPNV is provided. Likewise, molecular docking was carried out to explore the binding of known antivirals like EICAR, EIPA, quercetin, mycophenolic acid and ribavirin with VP2 protein of IPNV. Results demonstrated that quercetin and EICAR bind strongly to the VP2 protein of IPNV and can prevent IPN comparatively better than other known anti-IPN drugs. These results will provide a template for mining out the drugs and comparing the known antivirals for potential use in curing IPN.