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Effects of seasonal variation in temperature and cultivar on yield and yield determination of irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) during the dry season in the Sahel of West Africa

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Title Effects of seasonal variation in temperature and cultivar on yield and yield determination of irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) during the dry season in the Sahel of West Africa
 
Creator Ntare, B R
Williams, J H
Ndunguru, B J
 
Subject Groundnut
 
Description In the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa there is potential for groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
to be grown as a dry-season crop where irrigation is available. However, there are substantial
variations in the temperatures during the post-rainy season that can be expected to in¯uence growth
and yield. An experiment at the ICRISAT Sahelian Centre was done in order to study the effect of
sowing date on phenology, yield and the processes of yield determination for four groundnut cultivars
under irrigation in the dry seasons of 1990}91 and 1991}92. Starting on 15 November, eight sowing
dates at 2-weekly intervals were tested. Sowing date signi®cantly affected phenology (time to
emergence, ¯owering and maturity) with groundnut sown in November}December taking the longest
time to reach these phenological stages. November and December sowings gave the highest pod yield
within each year, despite the lowest crop growth rates (B), and yield declined progressively as sowing
occurred later (50%decrease by March) despite increasing B. The observed responses appear to have
been due to the effect of temperature differences during the pod-®lling phase on partitioning.
Partitioning (p) to pods was optimized at c. 30 C, with some indication of cultivar differences in
partitioning response to temperature. Across all the environments, cultivars displayed substantial
differences in yield stability. When sown late, yields were low and lines with high partitioning were
the best. When sown early in the post-rainy season, cultivars with a high B value were the better
choices. Plant habit differences and B suggest that radiation interception was a limitation to yield,
particularly when the crops were sown in the cool months of the year. However, haulm yield and crop
growth rates were not consistently affected by sowing date across the years, and cultivars
demonstrated different degrees of stability for B. It is concluded that where pod has a price advantage
over fodder, irrigated groundnut for the dry season should be sown in November to allow the crop
to develop under the relatively cool temperatures that maximize pod yield. Further agronomic
research is suggested to maximize B for individual cultivars for given sowing dates.
 
Publisher Cambridge University Press
 
Date 1998
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
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Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/5101/1/JAgrSci131%284%29439-448.pdf
Ntare, B R and Williams, J H and Ndunguru, B J (1998) Effects of seasonal variation in temperature and cultivar on yield and yield determination of irrigated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) during the dry season in the Sahel of West Africa. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 131 (4). pp. 439-448.