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Growth and production of groundnut

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/5776/
 
Title Growth and production of groundnut
 
Creator Prasad, P V V
Kakani, V G
Upadhyaya, H D
 
Subject Groundnut
 
Description The groundnut or peanut is one of the important legume crops of tropical and semiarid
tropical countries, where it provides a major source of edible oil and vegetable protein.
Groundnut kernels contain 47-53% oil and 25-36% protein. The crop is cultivated
between 40ºN to 40ºS of the equator. Groundnut is a self pollinated crop whereby
flowers are produced above ground and, after fertilization, pegs move towards the soil,
and seed-containing pods are formed and developed underneath the soil.
The productivity of groundnuts varies from 3500 kg/ha in the United States of America
to 2500 kg/ha in South America, 1600 kg/ha in Asia, and less than 800 kg/ha in Africa.
This is due mainly to various abiotic and biotic constraints. Abiotic stresses of prime
importance include temperature extremes, drought stress, soil factors such as alkalinity,
poor soil fertility and nutrient deficiencies. Groundnuts grow best in light textured sandy loam soils with neutral pH. Optimum temperature for their growth and development
ranges from 28 to 30 ºC; the crop requires about 500-600 mm of well distributed rainfall.
The main yield limiting factors in semiarid regions are drought and high temperature
stress. The stages of reproductive development prior to flowering, at flowering and at
early pod development, are particularly sensitive to these constraints. Apart from N, P
and K, other nutrient deficiencies causing significant yield losses are Ca, Fe and B.
Biotic stresses mainly include pests, diseases and weeds. Among insects pests pod
borers, aphids and mites are of importance. The most important diseases are leaf spots,
rusts and the toxin-producing fungus Aspergillus.
 
Publisher Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO
 
Date 2010
 
Type Book Section
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
application/pdf
 
Language en
en
 
Rights —
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Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/5776/1/UNESCO_encylopedia_Growth_2010.pdf
http://oar.icrisat.org/5776/2/E1-05A-19-00.pdf
Prasad, P V V and Kakani, V G and Upadhyaya, H D (2010) Growth and production of groundnut. In: Soils, Plant Growth and Crop Production. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), Developed under the Auspices of the UNESCO , Oxford UK, pp. 1-26.