| Abstract |
After a brief review of the biosensors area, this paper explores the possibilities of integrating various classes of biosensors on silicon. Of all classes of sensors, electrochemical and bioelectrochemical sensors are the most suitable for integration, although substantial research on the fabrication and understanding of bioactive layers on semiconductor sensors is still required. Optical, gravimetric and thermal sensors could also be integrated to varying extents; however, the cost benefits are not yet very attractive except for immunosensors based on immobilized immunoglobulins. Electrochemical and gravimetric sensors based on silicon show the greatest potential for batch fabrication and could therefore be best suited for disposable sensors. The review ends with a discussion of the technological, functional and conceptual problems associated with integrated biosensors. |
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