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Studies on phenol-formaldehyde gel formation at a high temperature and at different pH

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Title Studies on phenol-formaldehyde gel formation at a high temperature and at different pH
 
Creator BANERJEE, R
PATIL, K
KHILAR, KC
 
Subject kinetics
phenol-formaldehyde monomer system
methylolation
gelation
gelling-zone
high temperature gelling
 
Description Gel formation characteristic of dilute phenol-formaldehyde solution in water is studied at an elevated temperature near 140 degrees C. It is experimentally found that at a temperature range of 135 degrees C to 140 degrees C, a solution containing 3.0% phenol with the phenol-formaldehyde mole ratio 1.0:3.5 forms a gel in the pH range of 9.6 to 12.0. The minimum gelling time is observed at a pH value of 10.4. The gel formation is found to be strongly dependent on the pH at this elevated temperature. An explanation for the gelling behaviour is presented, which is based on an optimum ion concentration of Na+ to initiate the tri-methylol formation. It is hypothesized that the gel formation begins when concentration of tri-methylol phenol attains a threshold concentration value. Experimental observations and a kinetic analysis provide support for this hypothesis.
 
Publisher CANADIAN SOC CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
 
Date 2011-07-19T12:27:30Z
2011-12-26T12:51:12Z
2011-12-27T05:37:42Z
2011-07-19T12:27:30Z
2011-12-26T12:51:12Z
2011-12-27T05:37:42Z
2006
 
Type Article
 
Identifier CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, 84(3), 328-337
0008-4034
http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10054/5299
http://hdl.handle.net/10054/5299
 
Language en