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Combined sequence and structure analysis of the fungal laccase family

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Title Combined sequence and structure analysis of the fungal laccase family
 
Creator KUMAR, SVS
PHALE, PS
DURANI, S
WANGIKAR, PP
 
Subject white-rot fungus
aspergillus-nidulans
coprinus-cinereus
angstrom resolution
molecular-cloning
trametes-villosa
gene
expression
purification
matrices
laccases
multi-copper oxidases
copper signature sequence
multiple sequence alignment
structure alignment
gene duplication
 
Description Plant and fungal laccases belong to the family of multi-copper oxidases and show much broader substrate specificity than other members of the family. Laccases have consequently been of interest for potential industrial applications. We have analyzed the essential sequence features of fungal laccases based on multiple sequence alignments of more than 100 laccases. This has resulted in identification of a set of four ungapped sequence regions, L1-L4, as the overall signature sequences that can be used to identify the laccases, distinguishing them within the broader class of multi-copper oxidases. The 12 amino acid residues in the enzymes serving as the copper ligands are housed within these four identified conserved regions, of which L2 and L4 conform to the earlier reported copper signature sequences of multi-copper oxidases while L1 and L3 are distinctive to the laccases. The mapping of regions L1-L4 on to the three-dimensional structure of the Coprinus cinerius laccase indicates that many of the non-copper-ligating residues of the conserved regions could be critical in maintaining a specific, more or less C-2 symmetric, protein conformational motif characterizing the active site apparatus of the enzymes. The observed intraprotein homologies between L1 and L3 and between L2 and L4 at both the structure and the sequence levels suggest that the quasi C-2 symmetric active site conformational motif may have arisen from a structural duplication event that neither the sequence homology analysis nor the structure homology analysis alone would have unraveled. Although the sequence and structure homology is not detectable in the rest of the protein, the relative orientation of region L1 with L2 is similar to that of L3 with L4. The structure duplication of first-shell and second-shell residues has become cryptic because the intraprotein sequence homology noticeable for a given laccase becomes significant only after comparing the conservation pattern in several fungal laccases. The identified motifs, L1-L4, can be useful in searching the newly sequenced genomes for putative laccase enzymes. (C) 2003 .
 
Publisher JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
 
Date 2011-08-04T11:58:59Z
2011-12-26T12:54:42Z
2011-12-27T05:42:54Z
2011-08-04T11:58:59Z
2011-12-26T12:54:42Z
2011-12-27T05:42:54Z
2003
 
Type Article
 
Identifier BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING, 83(4), 386-394
0006-3592
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10681
http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10054/9351
http://hdl.handle.net/10054/9351
 
Language en