Fluoride-Free Hiyama and Copper- and Amine-Free Sonogashira Coupling in Air in a Mixed Aqueous Medium by a Series of PEPPSI-Themed Precatalysts
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Title |
Fluoride-Free Hiyama and Copper- and Amine-Free Sonogashira Coupling in Air in a Mixed Aqueous Medium by a Series of PEPPSI-Themed Precatalysts
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Creator |
DASH, C
SHAIKH, MM GHOSH, P |
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Subject |
n-heterocyclic carbene
ring-opening polymerization unactivated alkyl bromides aryl bromides fischer-type nucleophilic-addition vibrational-spectra palladium complexes crystal-structure sodium-hydroxide carbenes palladium cross-coupling hiyama reaction sonogashira reaction |
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Description |
A new series of robust, user-friendly, and highly active PEPPSI-themed (pyridine-enhanced precatalyst preparation, stabilization and initiation) (NHC)PdX(2)(pyridine)-type (X = Cl, Br) precatalysts of C4-C5 saturated imidazole- (1-4) and triazole-based (5 and 6) N-heterocyclic carbenes for the Hiyama and Sonogashira couplings under amenable conditions are reported. Specifically 1-6 efficiently catalyze the fluoride-flee Hiyama coupling of aryl halides with PhSi(OMe)(3) and CH(2)=CHSi(OMe)(3) in air in the presence of NaOH as a base in a mixed aqueous medium (dioxane/H(2)O, 2:1. v/v). Along the same lines, these 1-6 precatalysts also promote the Cu-free and amine-free Sonogashira coupling of aryl bromides and iodides with phenylacetylene in air and in a mixed aqueous medium (DMF/H(2)O, 3/1 v/v). The complexes 1-6 were synthesized by the direct reaction of the respective imidazolinium and triazolium halide salts with PdCl(2), in pyridine in the presence of K(2)CO(3) as a base. DFT studies on the catalytically relevant palladium(0) (NHC)Pd(pyridine) precursors 1a-6a reveal significant donation from the N-heterocyclic carbene lone pair onto the unfilled sigma* orbital of the trans Pd-pyridine bond. This weakens the Pd-bound "throw-away" pyridine ligand, and its dissociation marks the initiation of the catalytic cycle. ((C) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
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Publisher |
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
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Date |
2011-09-01T16:53:17Z
2011-12-26T12:59:43Z 2011-12-27T05:52:28Z 2011-09-01T16:53:17Z 2011-12-26T12:59:43Z 2011-12-27T05:52:28Z 2009 |
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Type |
Article
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Identifier |
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY, (12), 1608-1618
1434-1948 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.200900115 http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/xmlui/handle/10054/12825 http://hdl.handle.net/10054/12825 |
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Language |
en
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