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The fitness costs of adaptation via phenotypic plasticity and maternal effects

DSpace at IIT Bombay

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Title The fitness costs of adaptation via phenotypic plasticity and maternal effects
 
Creator EZARD, THG
PRIZAK, R
HOYLE, RB
 
Subject phenotypic evolution
adaptation
phenotypic plasticity
quantitative genetics
indirect genetic effect
maternal effect
ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTABILITY
NONGENETIC INHERITANCE
POPULATION-DYNAMICS
CLIMATE-CHANGE
WILD BIRD
EVOLUTION
PHENOLOGY
COLOR
CONSEQUENCES
CHARACTERS
 
Description Phenotypes are often environmentally dependent, which requires organisms to track environmental change. The challenge for organisms is to construct phenotypes using the most accurate environmental cue. Here, we use a quantitative genetic model of adaptation by additive genetic variance, within- and transgenerational plasticity via linear reaction norms and indirect genetic effects respectively. We show how the relative influence on the eventual phenotype of these components depends on the predictability of environmental change (fast or slow, sinusoidal or stochastic) and the developmental lag tau between when the environment is perceived and when selection acts. We then decompose expected mean fitness into three components (variance load, adaptation and fluctuation load) to study the fitness costs of within- and transgenerational plasticity. A strongly negative maternal effect coefficient m minimizes the variance load, but a strongly positive m minimises the fluctuation load. The adaptation term is maximized closer to zero, with positive or negative m preferred under different environmental scenarios. Phenotypic plasticity is higher when tau is shorter and when the environment changes frequently between seasonal extremes. Expected mean population fitness is highest away from highest observed levels of phenotypic plasticity. Within- and transgenerational plasticity act in concert to deliver well-adapted phenotypes, which emphasizes the need to study both simultaneously when investigating phenotypic evolution.
 
Publisher WILEY-BLACKWELL
 
Date 2014-12-28T11:40:58Z
2014-12-28T11:40:58Z
2014
 
Type Article
 
Identifier FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY, 28(3)693-701
0269-8463
1365-2435
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12207
http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/jspui/handle/100/16384
 
Language English