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Post-treatment and reuse of secondary effluents using natural Itreatment systems: the Indian practices

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Title Post-treatment and reuse of secondary effluents using natural Itreatment systems: the Indian practices
 
Creator KUMAR, D
ASOLEKAR, SR
SHARMA, SK
 
Subject WASTE-WATER
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES
SEWAGE-TREATMENT
MANAGEMENT
National survey
Natural treatment systems
Wastewater treatment
Groundwater contamination
Surface water contamination
Reuse
Post-treatment
Disinfection
 
Description Paper summarizes the results of India-wide survey of natural treatment systems (NTSs) for wastewater treatment and reuse. The quality of treated wastewater from different types of NTSs was analyzed for various physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters, and needs for post-treatment were identified. Currently, about 1838 million liters per day (MLD) of wastewater is being treated using NTSs, of which the contributions of polishing ponds, waste stabilization ponds, duckweed ponds, constructed wetlands, and Karnal technology were found to be 53.39, 45.15, 0.13, 0.55, and 0.78 %, respectively. Among the NTSs studied, constructed wetland was found most efficient in removal of pollutants including nitrogen, phosphorus, total coliform, and fecal coliform in the range of 76, 61, 99.956, and 99.923 %, respectively. Of all types of NTSs, only constructed wetland was found to meet the total coliform count requirements (
 
Publisher SPRINGER
 
Date 2016-01-14T12:01:38Z
2016-01-14T12:01:38Z
2015
 
Type Article
 
Identifier ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT, 187(10)
0167-6369
1573-2959
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4792-z
http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/jspui/handle/100/17445
 
Language en