The relevance of commuter and work/school exposure in an epidemiological study on traffic-related air pollution
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Title |
The relevance of commuter and work/school exposure in an epidemiological study on traffic-related air pollution
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Creator |
RAGETTLI, MS
PHULERIA, HC TSAI, MY SCHINDLER, C DE NAZELLE, A DUCRET-STICH, RE INEICHEN, A PEREZ, L BRAUN-FAHRLANDER, C PROBST-HENSCH, N KUNZLI, N |
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Subject |
DAILY MOBILITY
MODELS NO2 SIMULATION IMPACT AREAS air pollution bias inhalation dose mobility NO2 transport |
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Description |
Exposure during transport and at non-residential locations is ignored in most epidemiological studies of traffic-related air pollution. We investigated the impact of separately estimating NO2 long-term outdoor exposures at home, work/school, and while commuting on the association between this marker of exposure and potential health outcomes. We used spatially and temporally resolved commuter route data and model-based NO2 estimates of a population sample in Basel, Switzerland, to assign individual NO2-exposure estimates of increasing complexity, namely (1) home outdoor concentration; (2) time-weighted home and work/school concentrations; and (3) time-weighted concentration incorporating home, work/school and commute. On the basis of their covariance structure, we estimated the expectable relative differences in the regression slopes between a quantitative health outcome and our measures of individual NO2 exposure using a standard measurement error model. The traditional use of home outdoor NO2 alone indicated a 12% (95% Cl: 11-14%) underestimation of related health effects as compared with integrating both home and work/school outdoor concentrations. Mean contribution of commuting to total weekly exposure was small (3.2%; range 0.1-13.5%). Thus, ignoring commute in the total population may not significantly underestimate health effects as compared with the model combining home and work/school. For individuals commuting between Basel-City and Basel-Country, ignoring commute may produce, however, a significant attenuation bias of 4% (95% Cl: 4-5%). Our results illustrate the importance of including work/school locations in assessments of long-term exposures to traffic-related air pollutants such as NO2. Information on individuals' commuting behavior may further improve exposure estimates, especially for subjects having lengthy commutes along major transportation routes.
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Publisher |
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
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Date |
2016-01-15T06:34:45Z
2016-01-15T06:34:45Z 2015 |
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Type |
Article
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Identifier |
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY, 25(5)474-481
1559-0631 1559-064X http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jes.2014.83 http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/jspui/handle/100/17945 |
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Language |
en
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