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Study of Nickel Silicide Formation and Associated Fill-Factor Loss Analysis for Silicon Solar Cells With Plated Ni-Cu Based Metallization

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Title Study of Nickel Silicide Formation and Associated Fill-Factor Loss Analysis for Silicon Solar Cells With Plated Ni-Cu Based Metallization
 
Creator RAVAL, MC
JOSHI, AP
SASEENDRAN, SS
SUCKOW, S
SARAVANAN, S
SOLANKI, CS
KOTTANTHARAYIL, A
 
Subject PHOSPHORUS
CONTACTS
DEPOSITION
PHASES
INTERFACE
BEHAVIOR
FRONT
LINES
Contacts
copper
nickel
photovoltaic cells
silicidation
 
Description In this study, the impact of impurities incorporated into plated nickel seed layer on silicide formation and the influence of annealing temperature on the fill-factor (FF) loss of solar cells with Ni-Cu contacts is investigated. The silicide growth of electro-less plated nickel seed layer is significantly retarded compared with literature data on physical-vapor-deposition (PVD)-based nickel annealed at 550 degrees C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction reveal the presence of SiO2 at the Ni-Si interface and the formation of nickel phosphides in addition to nickel silicide. The retardation in silicide growth is attributed to the presence of (111) planes after the texturing process and contaminants in the seed layer. Varying the annealing temperature of fabricated cells from 350 degrees C to 425 degrees C led to a decrease in the average FF from 79.3% to 77.5%. The loss analysis is based on Suns-V-oc measurements, illuminated current-voltage parameters, and dark current-voltage curve fitting based on a three-diode model. It reveals that the FF loss is dominated by increased junction recombination, whereas losses due to third-diode component become significant for annealing at 400 degrees C and higher temperatures. The results highlight the need to carefully tune the seed layer annealing parameters to the interface conditions and junction depth of solar cells.
 
Publisher IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
 
Date 2016-01-15T08:55:20Z
2016-01-15T08:55:20Z
2015
 
Type Article
 
Identifier IEEE JOURNAL OF PHOTOVOLTAICS, 5(6)1554-1562
2156-3381
http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2463741
http://dspace.library.iitb.ac.in/jspui/handle/100/18214
 
Language en