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Field scale evaluation of seasonal wastewater treatment efficiencies of free surface-constructed wetlands in ICRISAT, India

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/9499/
http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v110/i9/1756-1763
 
Title Field scale evaluation of seasonal wastewater treatment efficiencies of free surface-constructed wetlands in ICRISAT, India
 
Creator Datta, A
Wani, S P
Patil, M D
Tilak, A S
 
Subject Soil Science
 
Description The disparity between volume of wastewater generated
and treated has resulted in severe water pollution
and eutrophication of the water bodies in most Indian
cities. Constructed wetlands (CWs) present a low-cost
wastewater treatment option; however, field scale studies
with real life wastewater are limited. Eichhornia
crassipes (water hyacinth), Typha latifolia (Typha) and
Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) grow abundantly in
eutrophicated water bodies, and are known for their
nutrient uptake ability. In the present study, the wastewater
of a nearby urban residential colony was treated
by two-field scale free water surface CWs operating
under identical hydraulic loading. The first treatment
cells, in each of these two CWs were vegetated with
Typha. The second treatment cells were vegetated with
water hyacinth (CW-1) in one of the CWs and with
water lettuce (CW-2) in the other. Wastewater treatment
efficiencies of these free water surface CWs were
evaluated, in terms of the removal efficiencies for key
parameters, viz. chemical oxygen demand (COD),
ammoniacal and nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, sulphate
and total suspended solids (TSS). The CW-1 showed
greater seasonal variation in performance. A steady
removal efficiency of 35–40% was observed for
ammoniacal nitrogen in both the free water surface
CWs throughout the year, though removal efficiency
of nitrate nitrogen reduced significantly during the
winter. Plant sample analysis showed that the N, P
and K uptake capacities of water lettuce were 1.53,
1.55 and 1.34 times higher than that of water hyacinth,
for identical wastewater loading. The dry
weight of the harvested biomass for water lettuce, during
summer months, was much higher at 5.63 g/m2/d
compared to 3.8 g/m2/d for water hyacinth.
 
Publisher Indian Academy of Sciences
 
Date 2016-05-10
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
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Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/9499/1/1756.pdf
Datta, A and Wani, S P and Patil, M D and Tilak, A S (2016) Field scale evaluation of seasonal wastewater treatment efficiencies of free surface-constructed wetlands in ICRISAT, India. Current Science, 110 (09). pp. 1756-1763. ISSN 0011-3891