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Water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans from rice and ragi: Changes upon malting and their consequence on antioxidant activity.

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Relation http://ir.cftri.com/566/
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0039128X
10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.002
 
Title Water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans from rice and ragi: Changes upon malting and their consequence on antioxidant activity.
 
Creator Shyama Prasad Rao, R.
Muralikrishna, G.
 
Subject 01 Rice
05 Ragi (Finger Millet)
 
Description The objective of this study is to determine the changes brought about by germination on water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans (feraxans), one of the major components of soluble fibre from rice and ragi and their consequence on antioxidant activity. Soluble feraxans, isolated from native and malted rice and ragi were fractionated on DEAE-cellulose. Ferulic acid content of the major [0.1 molar ammonium carbonate (AC) eluted] fraction was higher in malts (rice: 1045 μg/g; ragi: 1404 μg/g) than in native (rice: 119 μg/g; ragi: 147 μg/g) and this fraction was separated by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography into two peaks each in rice (native: 232 and 24.4 kDa; malt: 75.4 and 39.6 kDa) and ragi (native: 140 and 15.4 kDa; malt: 38.9 and 15.4 kDa). 0.1 molar AC eluted fractions showed very strong antioxidant activity in vitro as determined by β-carotene–linoleate emulsion (IC50: 0.16–0.24 mg), DPPH* (IC50: 4.1–11.4 mg) and Ferric reducing/antioxidant power, FRAP (EC1: 0.76–3.1 mg) assays. Antioxidant activity of feraxans was several (4.9–1400) folds higher than the expected activity due to their bound ferulic acid content. Apart from ferulic acid, presence of sugars with >C=O (uronyl/acetyl) groups and degree/nature of glycan-polymerization were observed to influence antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides. Malting resulted in many dynamic changes in the ferulic acid content in different feraxan types and affected their antioxidant activity.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
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http://ir.cftri.com/566/1/Phytochemistry_67_%282006%29_91-99.pdf
Shyama Prasad Rao, R. and Muralikrishna, G. (2006) Water soluble feruloyl arabinoxylans from rice and ragi: Changes upon malting and their consequence on antioxidant activity. Phytochemistry, 67 (1). pp. 91-99. ISSN 0031-9422
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00319422
10.1016/j.phytochem.2005.09.036


oai:ir.cftri.com:567
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http://ir.cftri.com/567/
Different biotic and abiotic elicitors influence betalain production in Savithahairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris in shake-flask and bioreactor.
Savitha, B. C.
Thimmaraju, R.
Bhagyalakshmi, N.
Ravishankar, G. A.
06 Beet Root
The hairy roots of Beta vulgaris grow on a simple medium producing good levels (1.2% or 88.4 mg Lâ^’1) of betalains—a red water-soluble food colourant. In an attempt to enhance betalain productivity, the hairy roots were contacted with several biotic elicitors such as purified glycans of microbial origin (200–500 mg Lâ^’1), extracts of whole microbial cultures (0.25–1.25%) and the respective culture filtrates (5–25%, v/v). Similarly, abiotic elicitors, particularly metal ions, upto 10-folds of that present in the nutrient (MS) medium, were tested. It was observed that though there was a significant suppression of biomass in almost all the treatments, a significantly high productivity of betalain was observed in Penicillium notatum DCP-treated cultures (158 mg Lâ^’1 on 7th day) among biotic elicitors, pullulan-treated cultures (202 mg Lâ^’1 on 10th day) among purified glycans and calcium treated cultures (127 mg Lâ^’1 on 7th day) among abiotic elicitors, whereas control cultures showed productivities of only 43.3 mg Lâ^’1 on 7th day and 88.4 mg Lâ^’1 on 10th day. Since most of the elicitors caused early elicitation (on 7th day) and suppressed biomass resulting in reduced overall productivity, a strategy of using elicitor at late exponential growth phase was considered and such a strategy was adoptable to scaled up process using a bubble-column bioreactor, where too the addition of elicitor at late exponential phase resulted in about 47% higher productivity of betalains. The present study is the first report where a large number of elicitors are systematically screened and used for scaled-up production of betalains.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en

http://ir.cftri.com/567/1/Process_Biochemistry_41_%282006%29_50-60.pdf
Savitha, B. C. and Thimmaraju, R. and Bhagyalakshmi, N. and Ravishankar, G. A. (2006) Different biotic and abiotic elicitors influence betalain production in Savithahairy root cultures of Beta vulgaris in shake-flask and bioreactor. Process Biochemistry, 41 (1). pp. 50-60. ISSN 1359-5113
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13595113
10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.071


oai:ir.cftri.com:568
2011-12-28T09:27:27Z
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7375626A656374733D363030:363634:3636342E3330
74797065733D61727469636C65


http://ir.cftri.com/568/
Eugenol—The active principle from cloves inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity and leukotriene-C4 in human PMNL cells.
Raghavendra, H.
Diwakar, B. T.
Lokesh, B. R.
Naidu, K. A.
30 Spices/Condiments
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play an important role in the modulation of inflammatory conditions in humans. PMNL cells recruited at the site of inflammation, release inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes, proteolytic enzymes and reactive oxygen species. Among these, leukotrienes are implicated in pathophysiology of allergic and inflammatory disorders like asthma, allergic rhinitis, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is the key enzyme in biosynthetic pathway of leukotrienes. Our earlier studies showed that spice phenolic active principles significantly inhibit 5-LO enzyme in human PMNLs. In this study we have further characterized the inhibitory mechanism of eugenol, the active principle of spice-clove on 5-LO enzyme and also its effect on leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Substrate dependent enzyme kinetics showed that the inhibitory effect of eugenol on 5-LO was of a non-competitive nature. Further, eugenol was found to significantly inhibit the formation of LTC4 in calcium ionophore A23187 and arachidonic acid (AA) stimulated PMNL cells. These data clearly suggest that eugenol inhibits 5-LO by non-competitive mechanism and also inhibits formation of LTC4 in human PMNL cells and thus may have beneficial role in modulating 5-LO pathway in human PMNL cells.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en

http://ir.cftri.com/568/1/Prostaglandins%2C_Leukotrienes_and_Essential_Fatty_Acids_74_%282006%29_23-27.pdf
Raghavendra, H. and Diwakar, B. T. and Lokesh, B. R. and Naidu, K. A. (2006) Eugenol—The active principle from cloves inhibits 5-lipoxygenase activity and leukotriene-C4 in human PMNL cells. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 74 (1). pp. 23-27. ISSN 0952-3278
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09523278
10.1016/j.plefa.2005.08.006


oai:ir.cftri.com:569
2011-12-28T09:27:28Z
7374617475733D707562
7375626A656374733D363030:363634:3636342E3233:3636342E32332E36
74797065733D61727469636C65


http://ir.cftri.com/569/
Enhanced mass transfer during solid–liquid extraction of
gamma-irradiated red beetroot.
Chetan Nayak, A.
Chethana, S.
Rastogi, N. K.
Raghavarao, K.S.M.S.
06 Beet Root
The exposure to gamma-irradiation pretreatment increases cell wall permeabilization, resulting in loss of turgor pressure, which led to the increase of extractability of betanin from red beetroot. The degree of extraction of betanin was investigated using gamma irradiation as a pretreatment prior to the solid–liquid extraction process and compared with control beetroot samples. The beetroot subjected to different doses of gamma irradiation (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 kGy) and control was dipped in an acetic acid medium (1% v/v) to extract the betanin. The diffusion coefficients for betanin as well as ionic component were estimated considering Fickian diffusion. The results indicated an increase in the diffusion coefficient of betanin (0.302×10â^’9–0.463×10â^’9 m2/s) and ionic component (0.248×10â^’9–0.453×10â^’9 m2/s) as the dose rate increased (from 2.5 to 10.0 kGy). The degradation constant was found to increase (0.050–0.079 minâ^’1) with an increase gamma-irradiation doses (2.5–10.0 kGy), indicating lower stability of the betanin as compared to control sample at 65 °C.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en

http://ir.cftri.com/569/1/Radiation_Physics_and_Chemistry_75_%282006%29_173-178.pdf
Chetan Nayak, A. and Chethana, S. and Rastogi, N. K. and Raghavarao, K.S.M.S. (2006) Enhanced mass transfer during solid–liquid extraction of gamma-irradiated red beetroot. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 75 (1). pp. 173-178. ISSN 0969-806X
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0969806X
10.1016/j.radphyschem.2005.03.015


oai:ir.cftri.com:570
2011-12-28T09:27:28Z
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7375626A656374733D363030:363630:3636302E31
74797065733D61727469636C65


http://ir.cftri.com/570/
Site-directed antibody immobilization on gold substrate for
surface plasmon resonance sensors.
Hirlekar Schmid, A.
Stanca, S. E.
Thakur, M. S.
Ravindranathan Thampia, K.
Raman Suri, C.
01 Biotechnology and Bioengineering
A simple method for the site-directed immobilization of antibodies on gold substrates has been developed for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) applications. A freshly prepared gold surface on a glass slide was modified with Protein A via homobifunctional cross linker dithiobissuccinimide propionate (DSP) to achieve uniform, stable, and sterically accessible antibody coating. The density of the immobilized antibodies bound to Protein A was examined as a function of the protein concentration, buffer pH, buffer type and reaction time. The suggested scheme was also employed for the modification of gold-coated substrates for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) applications. The modified gold surface was stable for several weeks and the reproducibility was satisfactory. The current fabrication technique could be applied to construct other immunosensors or biochips.
2006
Article
PeerReviewed
application/pdf
en

http://ir.cftri.com/570/1/Sensors_and_Actuators_B_113_%282006%29_297-303.pdf
Hirlekar Schmid, A. and Stanca, S. E. and Thakur, M. S. and Ravindranathan Thampia, K. and Raman Suri, C. (2006) Site-directed antibody immobilization on gold substrate for surface plasmon resonance sensors. Sensors and Actuators B, 113 (1). pp. 297-303. ISSN 0925-4005
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09254005
10.1016/j.snb.2005.03.018


oai:ir.cftri.com:571
2011-12-28T09:27:28Z
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7375626A656374733D363030:363634:3636342E3237
74797065733D61727469636C65


http://ir.cftri.com/571/
Spray-dried milk supplemented with -linolenic acid or
eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decreases
HMG Co A reductase activity and increases biliary secretion
of lipids in rats.
Ramaprasad, T. R.
Srinivasan, K.
Baskaran, V.
Sambaiah, K.
Lokesh, B. R.
27 Dairy products
In our earlier study, we have shown that rats fed spray-dried milk containing α-linolenic acid (LNA 18:3 n-3) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6 n-3) had significantly lower amounts of serum and liver cholesterol. To evaluate the mechanism for hypocholesterolemic effect of n-3 fatty acids containing milk formulation, we fed male Wistar rats with spray-dried milk containing linseed oil (LSO) (source of LNA) or fish oil (FO) (source of EPA + DHA) for 8 weeks. Feeding n-3 fatty acid containing milk formulation lowered the hepatic 3-hydroxy-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG Co A) activity by 17–22% compared to rats given control diet devoid of n-3 fatty acids. The cholesterol level in liver microsomes was found to be decreased by 16% and 20%, respectively, in LSO and FO containing formulation fed rats. The bile flow was enhanced to an extent of 19–23% in experimental groups compared to control animals. The biliary cholesterol and phospholipid secretion was increased to an extent of 49–55% and 140–146%, respectively, in rats fed n-3 fatty acid containing formulation. The increase in the total bile acids secretion in bile was mainly reflected on an increase in the levels of taurine conjugated bile acids. These results indicated that n-3 fatty acid containing spray-dried milk formulation would bring about the hypocholesterolemic effect by lowering HMG Co A reductase activity in liver and by increasing the secretion of bile constituents.
 
Date 2006
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
Rights —
 
Identifier http://ir.cftri.com/571/1/steroids_7_1_%28_2_0_0_6_%29_409-415.pdf
Ramaprasad, T. R. and Srinivasan, K. and Baskaran, V. and Sambaiah, K. and Lokesh, B. R. (2006) Spray-dried milk supplemented with -linolenic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid decreases HMG Co A reductase activity and increases biliary secretion of lipids in rats. Steroids, 71 (5). pp. 409-415. ISSN 0039-128X