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“Studies on enhancement of carotenoids, folic acid, iron and their bioavailability in Moringa oleifera and in vitro propagation.

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Relation http://ir.cftri.com/11767/
 
Title “Studies on enhancement of carotenoids,
folic acid, iron and their bioavailability in Moringa oleifera and in vitro
propagation.
 
Creator Saini, R. K.
 
Subject 14 Carotenoid Chemistry
23 Vegetables
 
Description Moringa oleifera Lam., commonly known as Drumstick tree, is a popular traditional
source of leafy vegetables and pods that are rich in protein, various nutritional
metabolites and other bioactives of nutraceutical importance. As Moringa is receiving
popularity as an important food commodity, there is need to characterize its
nutritional compounds, their further enhancement, and establish their biological
functionalities by modern analytical methods. Studies done in this regard showed that
among the eight Indian cultivars screened, cultivar Bhagya was found most
promising, containing maximum amount (per 100g FW) of total carotenoids (80.48
mg), trans β-carotene (23.15 mg) and total folate (167.4 μg). Among the folates, 5-
formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (73.1 μg/100g FW) and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic
acid (32.6 μg/100g FW) were most dominant forms in fresh foliage. Genetic diversity
among the eight cultivars was evaluated by RAPD, ISSR and cytochrome P450-based
molecular markers. Based on the three types of marker data, the eight cultivars of M.
oleifera were grouped into four sub-clusters in a dendrogram, but without any distinct
geographical pattern. This suggests the spread of planting material, as well as high
rates of gene flow through cross pollination. Significant enhancement (0.5 to 1.5 fold)
of folate, carotenoid, tocopherol and iron content was achieved through different ecofriendly
non-GM based approaches. Among the enzymes of carotenoid biosynthetic
pathway, the expression of lycopene β-cyclase (LCY-β) was maximum after elicitor
treatment, suggesting the LCY-β mediated enhancement in the production of β-
carotene in elicitor treated Moringa leaves. Enhanced production of α-tocopherol was
also found concordant with 2.0-2.7 fold up-regulation of γ-tocopherol methyl
transferase (γ-TMT). An In-vitro propagation protocol was developed and the
performance of tissue cultured Moringa plants under field conditions was studied.
Abstract
Benzyladenine (BA) at 4.44 μM was found to be optimal for producing maximum of
9.0±1.0 axillary shoots per explant after 15 days of inoculation. Efficient in-vitro
rooting (100%) of individual shoot cultures was observed on medium containing 2.85
μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) along with 4.92 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).
Effects of dietary iron and folate supplementation from dehydrated Moringa leaves on
molecular and biochemical indices of iron and folate status were studied in rat model.
Dietary iron from Moringa leaf was found more beneficial compared to ferric citrate
to overcome the effect of iron deficiency, which was validated through biochemical
and molecular studies of iron regulatory and binding proteins. Relative bioavailability
of folate from dehydrated leaves of Moringa was observed to be 81.9%. Among the
various molecular markers studied, changes in relative expression of liver hepcidin
mRNA was most significant, which can be used as the most sensitive and robust
molecular marker for iron deficiency anemia.
 
Contributor Giridhar, P.
 
Date 2013
 
Type Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
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Identifier http://ir.cftri.com/11767/1/Thesis%2C%20Ramesh%20Kumar%20Saini%2C%20CFTRI.pdf
Saini, R. K. (2013) “Studies on enhancement of carotenoids, folic acid, iron and their bioavailability in Moringa oleifera and in vitro propagation. PhD thesis, University of Mysore.