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Anti-Lithogenic Potential of Dietary Tender Cluster Beans (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba) in Experimental Animal Models.

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Relation http://ir.cftri.com/11944/
 
Title Anti-Lithogenic Potential of Dietary
Tender Cluster Beans (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba)
in Experimental Animal Models.
 
Creator Raghavendra, C. K.
 
Subject 22 Legumes-Pulses
 
Description Cholesterol gallstone disease (CGS) is the most common disorder affecting the
body's biliary system, the organs and ducts that make, transport, store, and release
bile. Bile is a yellow viscous fluid, made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder that
acts in the small intestine to facilitate digestion and absorption of dietary fat. Bile
contains water, cholesterol, bile salts (the chemicals necessary to digest fat), proteins,
bilirubin (a breakdown product from blood cells), and small amounts of heavy metals.
Cholesterol gallstones develop when bile contains too much cholesterol and not
enough bile salts. Besides a high concentration of cholesterol, two other factors seem
to be important in causing gallstones. The first is how often and how well the
gallbladder contracts; incomplete and infrequent emptying of the gallbladder may
cause the bile to become over-concentrated and contribute to gallstone formation. The
second factor is the presence of proteins in the liver and bile that either promote or
inhibit cholesterol crystallization into gallstones. Cholesterol stones form when three
conditions exist: (a) Bile must be supersaturated with cholesterol, (b) The cholesterol
in bile must rapidly transform into crystals, and (c) There must be a decrease in
gallbladder contractions. Cholesterol concentration exceeds the bile solubilizing
capacity; thus part of cholesterol precipitates in the form of micro crystals; these
micro crystals aggregate to form microscopic structures. Another important aspect is
the balance between the pronucleating and anti-nucleating factors in bile. That is, if
there are more pronucleating factors compared to anti-nucleating factors there is high
incidence of gallstones.
Several dietary components are known to influence formation of CGS. Animal
protein such as casein containing diets favour CGS formation than diets containing
soya protein. Similarly, animals on diet containing polyunsaturated fat like fish oil
have a lower incidence of CGS compared to those on diets with saturated fat. It is
likely that fibre rich diets are beneficial in preventing CGS formation. Some
information is also available on the beneficial role of hypocholesterolemic spices such
as fenugreek, garlic, onion, curcumin, and capsaicin in CGS formation in animal
model.
Recently, it has been demonstrated that dietary garlic is effective in inhibiting
CGS formation and also in regression of pre-formed CGS in experimental mice. This
beneficial effect was attributable to a favourable reversal of the altered lipid
homeostasis in the bile of these animals. It is also evidenced that tender cluster bean
which provides liberal amounts of dietary fibre is a very effective cholesterol reducing
agent under conditions of experimentally induced atherogenesis. The mechanisms of
their action are dissimilar with respect to beneficial modulation of cholesterol
homeostasis. Hence the combined use of these two classes of food ingredients may
have a synergy and if that is so, a potential application to evolve food based strategy
to maximize the health beneficial influences. It is proposed to make exhaustive
studies to explore synergy between dietary cluster bean (as a provider of soluble fibre)
and the spice garlic in deriving human health benefits to the maximum with respect
to: (a) preventing or reducing the incidence of cholesterol gallstones under lithogenic
conditions, and (b) acceleration of the regression of the preformed cholesterol
gallstones. Besides examining the effectiveness of the combination, the proposed
work also envisages evaluation of the mechanism of antilithogenic effect by
delineating the modulation of cholesterol homeostasis, Biliary secretion of procholesterol
nucleating proteins and anti-nucleating proteins, and in vitro antilithogenic
potential using model bile systems.
 
Contributor Srinivasan, K.
 
Date 2014
 
Type Thesis
NonPeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
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Identifier http://ir.cftri.com/11944/1/Raghavendra.C.K.%20Ph.D.%2C%20Thesis.pdf
Raghavendra, C. K. (2014) Anti-Lithogenic Potential of Dietary Tender Cluster Beans (Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba) in Experimental Animal Models. PhD thesis, University of Mysore.