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GENETICS OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

KrishiKosh

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Title GENETICS OF YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN TOMATO (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
 
Creator G. Eswara Reddy
 
Contributor Prof. Rajeshwar Nandan, Co-Supervisor Prof. A. Vaishampayan
 
Subject Tomato, combining ability, heterosis, inbreeding depression, genetic variance, gene action, yield and quality traits
 
Description Ph. D. Thesis, Genetics and Plant Breeding
The present investigation entitled “Genetics of yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)” was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Out of 54 genotypes grown in a crossing block at the Vegetable Research Farm, fourteen diverse genotypes (4 testers and 10 lines) were selected based on mean performance of genotypes for quality characters, genetic diversity among 54 genotypes and correlation among yield and quality characters. Four testers were crossed with ten lines to produce 40 F1s in line × tester fashion, during kharif season, 2013. The experimental materials (40 F1s along with parents including standard check, i.e., Shaktiman) were grown in a single row of 5 m length in the Compact Family Randomized Block Design with three replications during kharif season, 2014. Five diverse plants selected from 54 genotypes and made four crosses among them for Generation mean analysis. These four F1 plants were selfed to produce F2 seeds. Simultaneously fresh F1s’ and back crosses (B1 and B2) were also made for four crosses. Six generations P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2 of the crosses made/selected on the basis of contrasting parents for each trait were grown in Compact Family Randomized Block Design with three replications during Rabi Season, 2014-2015 to study different types of gene action and their interaction through generation mean analysis. Data on randomly sampled 10 competitive plants from each of the parents, F1s’ and backcrosses (B1 and B2) and 40 plants from each F2 population from each replication were recorded on the days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, yield per plant, fruit density, number of seeds, number of locules, pericarp thickness, total soluble solids, titrable acidity, lycopene, carotene, ascorbic acid, juice pulp ratio and shelf life. Crosses obtained during the present course of investigation that displayed best heterotic combination for yield and its attributing traits may be exploiting for developing hybrid tomato varieties. For yield, three crosses such as, C0-3 × Sel-7, Flawery × Sel-7 and B-S-31-3 × H-24 gave high economic heterosis. The high inbreeding depression indicated presence of certain amount of non additive gene action in different crosses for days to flowering, plant height, primary branches, flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, fruits per plant, yield per plant, fruit density, number of seeds, pericarp, ascorbic acid, juice pulp ratio and shelf life. The transgressive segregants can be recovered from the F2 generations of crosses such as GT-20 × H-86 (for primary branches per plant), Pant T-3 × H-86 (for flowers per cluster and yield per plant), T-Local × H-24 (for fruits per cluster and average fruit weight), Kashishard × H-86 (for fruits per plant), Flawery × Azad T-5 (for fruit density), B-S-31-3 × Azad T-5 (for pericarp), EC-521087 × H-24 (for carotene and ascorbic acid) and T-Local × H-86 (for shelf life) having optimum heterosis and low inbreeding depression. Good general combiners in desired directions were CO-3 for yield, followed by Pant T-3 and BS-31-3. Whereas, among testers H-24 revealed high positive and significant gca effect for yield per plant. For yield components like ‘B-S-31-3’ for number of fruits per plant and ‘H-24’ for average fruit weight. For quality parameters, ‘EC 521087’ for pericarp thickness, ‘Kashi Sharad’ for TSS, ‘BL-342-1’ for number of locules, ‘Kashi Sharad’ for lycopene, ‘T-Local’ for carotene, ‘Pant T-3’ for shelf life proved to be good general combiners. The two crosses (‘Flawery × Sel-7’ and ‘GT-20 × Azad T-5’) showed high sca effects for most of the yield components. However for quality traits, crosses T-Local × H-86 and Kashi Sharad × Sel-7 showed significant positive sca effects for pericarp thickness and TSS. For shelf life, the crosses GT-20 × H-24, T-Local × H-86 and EC 521087 × Sel-7 were good specific combiners. The generation mean analysis for most of the characters showed the importance of both additive and dominant types of gene effects. However, dominance gene effects in general were higher than additive gene effects in most of the crosses. In presence of epistasis, almost all the crosses showed duplicate type of gene interaction. In such crosses, the selection should be mild in the earlier and intense in the later generations because it masks the progress through selection. The sign of dominant × dominant gene effects were all positive for plant height, primary branches per plant, fruits per plant, average fruit weight, yield per plant, fruit density, total soluble solids, lycopene and shelf life indicating thereby enhancing (+) effects for the expression of these traits. whereas almost all negative for days to flowering, flowers per cluster, fruits per cluster, number of seeds, number of locules, pericarp, titrable acidity, carotene, ascorbic acid and juice pulp ratio indicating thereby diminishing (-) effects for the expression of these traits.
 
Date 2017-01-19T16:51:15Z
2017-01-19T16:51:15Z
2017
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier Reddy, G. E. 2017. Genetics of yield and quality traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Ph. D. Thesis, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/97197
 
Language en
 
Relation P0152;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi