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Chemical composition of precipitation in India and Nepal: A preliminary report on an Indo-Swedish Project on Atmospheric Chemistry

DRS at CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography

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Title Chemical composition of precipitation in India and Nepal: A preliminary report on an Indo-Swedish Project on Atmospheric Chemistry
 
Creator Parashar, D.C.
Granat, L.
Kulshreshta, U.C.
Pillai, A.G.
Naik, M.S.
Momin, G.A.
Rao, P.S.P.
Safai, P.D.
Khemani, L.T.
Naqvi, S.W.A.
Narvekar, P.V.
Thapa, K.B.
Rodhe, H.
 
Subject chemical precipitation
chemical composition
atmospheric precipitation
atmospheric chemistry
anthropogenic factors
 
Description Rainwater and dustfall are being collected for chemical analysis five sites in India and on e in Nepal on an event basis with wet-only and bulk collectors. Special attempts are made to obtain regionally representative values and in particular to avoid local sources of alkaline dust. Sampling and analysis are described and data are given from four of the stations, Delhi, Pune, Sinhagad and Goa. Rainwater is on the average alkaline (contains more bicarbonate than hydrogen ion) with a pH of between 6.2 and 6.8 based on mean hydrogen and bicarbonate concentrations. Major acidifying and neutralizing components have rather similar concentrations at three of the four sites (except Delhi): SO sub(4) sup(2-) (12-18 mu q/L), NO sub(3) sup(-) (5-7 mu eq/L) and nss Ca sup(2+) (32-40 mu q/L). Concentration of NH sub(4) sup(+) varies from 5 at the coastal Goa to 12 mu q/L at the inland stations and nss Mg sup(2+) from 2 to 8 mu eq/L. Sea salt components very clearly decreases with increasing distance from the coast. Delhi deviates in peculiar fashion with higher concentrations of SO sub(4) sup(2-) , NH sub(4) sup(+) and K sup(+) and lower in Ca sup(2+) and Mg sup(2+) . Amount of dustfall (as collected by funnels which probably only give a fraction of dry deposition to real surfaces) was estimated at Delhi. The dustfall greatly exceeded wet deposition of Ca sup(2+) and Mg sup(2+) , made a significant contribution in case of NO sub(3) sup(-) and was rather unimportant in case of NH sub(4) sup(+) (20%)
 
Date 2009-01-21T09:30:15Z
2009-01-21T09:30:15Z
1996
 
Type Technical Report
 
Identifier 27p.
http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/2177
 
Language en
 
Rights Copyright [1996]. All efforts have been made to respect the copyright to the best of our knowledge. Inadvertent omissions, if brought to our notice, stand for correction and withdrawal of document from this repository.
 
Publisher Department of Meteorology; Stockholm University; Stockholm; Sweden.