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Ganga-Brahmaputra river discharge from Jason-2 radar altimetry: An update to the long-term satellite-derived estimates of continental freshwater forcing flux into the Bay of Bengal

DRS at CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography

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Title Ganga-Brahmaputra river discharge from Jason-2 radar altimetry: An update to the long-term satellite-derived estimates of continental freshwater forcing flux into the Bay of Bengal
 
Creator Papa, F.
Bala, S.K.
Pandey, R.K.
Durand, F.
Gopalakrishna, V.V.
Rahman, A.
Rossow, W.B.
 
Subject river discharge
remote sensing
radar altimetry
 
Description This paper discusses the use of Jason-2 radar altimeter measurements to estimate the Ganga-Brahmaputra surface freshwater flux into the Bay of Bengal for the period mid-2008 to December 2011. A previous estimate was generated for 1993-2008 using TOPEX-Poseidon, ERS-2 and ENVISAT, and is now extended using Jason-2. To take full advantages of the new availability of in situ rating curves, the processing scheme is adapted and the adjustments of the methodology are discussed here. First, using a large sample of in situ river height measurements, we estimate the standard error of Jason-2-derived water levels over the Ganga and the Brahmaputra to be respectively of 0.28 m and 0.19 m, or less than approx 4 percent of the annual peak-to-peak variations of these two rivers. Using the in situ rating curves between water levels and river discharges, we show that Jason-2 accurately infers Ganga and Brahmaputra instantaneous discharges for 2008-2011 with mean errors ranging from approx. 2180 m sup(3)/s (6.5 percent) over the Brahmaputra to approx. 1458 m sup(3)/s (13 percent) over the Ganga. The combined Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharges meet the requirements of acceptable accuracy (15-20 percent) with a mean error of approx. 16 percent for 2009-2011 and approx. 17 percent for 1993-2011. The Ganga-Brahmaputra monthly discharge at the river mouths is then presented, showing a marked interannual variability with a standard deviation of approx. 12500 m sup(3)/s, much larger than the data set uncertainty. Finally, using in situ sea surface salinity observations, we illustrate the possible impact of extreme continental freshwater discharge event on the northern Bay of Bengal as observed in 2008.
 
Date 2013-01-09T06:18:00Z
2013-01-09T06:18:00Z
2012
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.117; 2012; C11021, 13pp.; doi:10.1029/2012JC008158
http://drs.nio.org/drs/handle/2264/4219
 
Language en
 
Rights An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright [2012] AGU. To view the published open abstract, go to http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008158
 
Publisher American Geophysical Union