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Epidemiology and Management of Blast (Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc.) of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaerton)

KrishiKosh

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Title Epidemiology and Management of Blast (Pyricularia grisea (Cke.) Sacc.) of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaerton)
 
Creator Prajapati, V.P.
 
Contributor Sabalpara, A.N.
 
Subject enzymes, animal husbandry, bacteria, milk products, microbial flora, productivity, sampling, economic systems, acidity, amino acids
 
Description Finger mil let [ Eleusine coracana ( L) Gaertn .] i s one of the most important mi llet c rops. Duri ng the survey, occurrence of bl ast di sease in fi nger millet ( cv. GN - 4) was observed in seri ous proporti on i nfl i cti ng heavy l osses i n south Guj arat. Consideri ng the seri ousness of the disease,
the present i nvesti gati on was carried out on vari ous a spects to generate scientifi c i nf ormati on s on thi s important pathol ogical problem and to develop sui table management strategies to prevent the crop l osses. The pathogen i nvol ved to cause the blast i n the area was identif ied as Pyricularia grisea earl ier by Waghunde (2012) .
The pathogen attacked mostl y the l ower leaves and di sease starts from the l ower to upper leaves. D i sease occurs at al l the phases viz . leaf, neck and f i nger bl ast. The di sease appears on leaf lami na with typical spi ndle shaped spots. Unde r hi gh humid condi ti on, such spots f ound to progress and enlarged rapi dl y. The margi n of the lesi on was brown to blacki sh brown. Such ful ly developed l esions were coalesced and gave a bl asted appearance. The ears hang down from the stal k at the poi nt of i n fecti on and sometimes break away. The i nfecti on on f i ngers usual l y begi ns fr om the apical porti on and runs towards the base, even pathogen attacks on apparentl y heal thy ears. The pathogen attacks the seeds resul ti ng i n shriveled and blackened. The extent
o f damage depends on the stage of i nfecti on and the weather conditi on. The entire fi nger length of the ear wa s affected. When the intensi ty of the di sease was severe, most of the leaves became yellowi sh, dried up and the field presented a bl i ghted appearanc e.
Blast was f ound i n severe proporti on i n both the popular varieties viz. , GN- 4 and l ocal i n Dang di stri ct. Whi le l owest i n Valsad fol l owed by Navsari di stri cts of south Gujarat. Losses due to the bl ast was estimated up to Grai n yield ( 35.78 %) and Fodde r yield (43.72%) Due to leaf, neck and fi nger bl ast of f inger mi l l et, l osses were found i n all the growth parameters and ultimately affected in reducti on of 1000 grai n weight (40.13%).
Young crops ( 1 to 2 months) mostl y remained free from the i nfect i on of the blast. The i nfecti on started during August and attai ned its peak on completi on of maj or rai nfal l i.e. after 35 th MSW. Duri ng the maj or progress ( 35 th to 3 9 th MSW), average temperature remai n ed around 2 5 °C and 86 per cent relative humi dity with m oderate rainf al l. Wi ndow periods f or leaf blast ( 24
th - 25 th August to 31 st st September), neck bl ast (31 st August - 1 st th - 8 th September) and fi nger bl ast ( 31 st August - 1 28 th September - 29 th September) were recorded. Maximum emperature, temperature range, relative humi di ty, rainf al l and rai ny days were found si gnifi cant and positi vely
correlated, whi l e, minimum temperature and wi nd speed were signif icant and negativel y correlated with leaf, neck and fi nger blast di sease.
C orrelati on coefficient study between weather parameters and di sease intensity i ndi cated that al l the parameters joi ntl y pl ayed an important role in the development of di sease. The mul ti ple regressi on f or leaf bl ast [ Ŷ= - 42. 25 + 0.87( X1) + 2.29(X2) + 0. 69(X3) + ( -0.92) ( X4) + ( - 0. 03) (X5) + 0. 40(X6) + ( - 1.00) ( X7) ] , neck blast [ Ŷ = - 138. 49+ 0. 95(X1) + 3.78( X2) + 1. 99(X3) + ( - 1. 52) (X4) + ( - 0.02) (X5) + ( - 2.38) (X6) + ( - 0.95) ( X7) ] and f i nger blast [ Ŷ = 5.91 + ( - 1.22)( X1) + 2 . 75( X2) + 1.07(X3) + ( - 1.12) (X4) + 0.01( X5) + ( - 6. 15) ( X6) + ( - 0.41)( X7) ] , where X1 = Maximum temperature, X2 = Mi nimum temperature, X3= Maxi mum relati ve humidi ty, X4 = Mi nimum relative humi di ty, X5 = Rai nfal l, X6 = Rai ny days, X7 = Wi nd speed] were develop ed
for the forecasti ng. On the basi s of these, the predicted per cent leaf blast i ntensi ty, neck and f i nger blast i nci dence at any peak was f ound cl osel y related wi th observed leaf blast i ntensi ty, neck and f i nger blast i nci dence .
Amongst, 10 genotypes of f i nger mil let screened agai nst blast di sease, the genotypes GPU- 67 showed resistant reacti on whi le GN - 5, GPU - 48, PR - 202, RAU - 8, and KOPN - 235 exhi bi ted moderately resi stant reacti on agai nst the blast di sease. Genotypes GPU - 28 and VL - 149 showed
susceptibl e reacti on. However, GN - 4 and VR - 708 showed hi ghl y susceptible agai nst blast di sease of fi nger mi l let.
Among al l the tested fungi ci des, bi oagent and phytoextract, t ri cyclazole (0.6 g/l ), P. eruginosa ( 6 ml/l i t), iprobenfos ( 1ml /l ) and tebuconazole + trif l oxystrobi n ( 1g/li t) proved better for the management of the di sease as well as for getti ng higher grai n and f odder yield.
Seed treatment with carbendazi m, 2g/kg seed + 2 sprays of tricycl azole , seed treatment wi th carbendazim, 2g/kg seed + 2 sprays of i probenfos, and seed treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 10g/kg seed + 2 sprays of P. aeruginosa , f ound superior f or the control of blast di sease of f inger mi llet as wel l as f or getti ng hi gher grai n and fodder yield.
 
Date 2016-05-20T10:52:50Z
2016-05-20T10:52:50Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66154
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher NAU