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EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON ROOT ZONE SALT DYNAMICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT

KrishiKosh

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Title EFFECT OF SALINE IRRIGATION WATER ON ROOT ZONE SALT DYNAMICS AND YIELD OF WHEAT
Ph.D.
 
Creator Parmanand Kumar
 
Contributor A. Sarangi
 
Subject irrigation, yields, crops, food preservation, tolerance, wheats, water, research methods, land resources, vegetative propagation
 
Description Limited availability of fresh water resources for use in agriculture makes it imperative to develop efficient management techniques for using poor quality water for irrigation and growing of salt tolerant varieties for enhancing agricultural water productivity. Growth and yield of wheat in arid and semiarid regions of India is often influenced by variations in the quantity and frequency of irrigation water besides its quality. Keeping this in view, an experiment was conducted to study the impact of saline irrigation on growth and yield of different wheat varieties during the rabi seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11in the research farm of the Water Technology Center (WTC), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. There were four irrigation water salinity levels viz. Control (S1, ground water) with EC of 4 dSm-1 (S2); 8 dSm-1 (S3) and 12 dSm-1 (S4) and four wheat varieties including three salt tolerant [i.e. KRL-210 (V1), KRL-1-4 (V2), KRL-19 (V3)] and one salt non-tolerant variety HD2894 (V4). It was observed that the salt tolerant variety KRL-1-4 resulted in highest yield under irrigation saline regimes for both the years with increase in average yield by 26% and 41% as compared to the salt non tolerant variety HD2894 at irrigation water salinity of 8 and 12 dSm-1, respectively. In an effort to study the salt dynamics and its budgeting in the crop root zone, the conversion factors and regression equations for estimation of salinity of saturation paste extract (ECe) from EC1:2 and EC1:5 were developed to minimize the estimation time and avoid the use of sophisticated laboratory equipment. The regression equations were validated with the laboratory measured soil ECe with R2 ranging from 0.98 to 0.99. Total salt induced in the crop root zone (up to 90cm) by saline irrigation water was 70.15 tha-1 (viz. 5.96, 11.67, 23.30 and 29.22 tha-1 for S1, S2, S3 and S4 treatments, respectively) during rabi 2009-10, and 55.60 tha-1 (viz. 4.05, 8.66, 17.18 and 25.71 tha-1 for S1, S2, S3 and S4 treatments, respectively) during rabi 2010-11. The salt budgeting during the growing season of both the years showed higher salt deposition (i.e. 11.81 tha-1) during rabi 2009-10 as compared to 6.91 tha-1 during rabi 2010-11. This may be attributed to less rainfall (i.e. 20.2 mm) during rabi 2009-10 cropping season as compared to 40 mm during rabi 2010-11. The soil salinity also affected the root growth of different varieties and the salt non tolerant variety HD-2894 showed maximum root growth of 84 cm under 8 d Sm-1 salinity. It was observed that
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maximum salt deposition occurred on top 15 cm soil layer and leaching of 65%, 63%,
52% and 48% salts occurred from S1, S2, S3 and S4 treatments, respectively from the root
zone. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) of salt tolerant varieties was observed to be highest
ranging from 12.63 to 13.23 kg ha-1 mm-1 for irrigation water salinity levels of 8 and 12
dS m-1. Production functions under different salinity levels and wheat varieties were also
developed using the experiment data with R2 ranging from 0.94 to 0.99. Further, the
AquaCrop ver. 4.0 with salinity module and SWAP (Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant)
models were calibrated and validated using the experimental data of rabi 2009-10 and
2010-11, respectively. It was observed that with limited data set, the AquaCrop model
was able to simulate the grain yield in all treatments with prediction error statistics i.e.
model efficiency (ME), index of agreement (d) and coefficient of determination (R2) of
0.85, 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. SWAP model simulated the salt dynamics in the root
zone with ME, d and R2 of 0.95, 098 and 0.96, respectively. Moreover, the crop model
WOFOST (World Food Study) with simple crop module in SWAP could able to
simulate the grain yield using the experiment generated and generic data with ME, d and
R2 values of 0.75, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively. It was observed that the AquaCrop model
with salinity module can be used to predict the grain yield of wheat cultivars with
minimal data set under irrigated saline environment. However, the SWAP model can be
used for prediction of the salt dynamics in the crop root zone besides the relative yield
with minimal and generic data set and the prediction accuracy would increase with use
of more input data required in the detailed crop module of SWAP. Nonetheless, the
study revealed that the salt tolerant variety resulted in higher yields and water use
efficiencies with saline irrigation. Besides this, the salt dynamics in the root zone depths
and crop yield simulated by the crop models would assist in scheduling of irrigation,
leaching of salts from crop root zone and conjunctive water use planning for enhancing
productivity under irrigated saline environment.
 
Date 2016-03-10T20:17:57Z
2016-03-10T20:17:57Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65066
 
Language en_US
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI, DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, NEW DELHI