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Investigation of multiple resistance in littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

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Title Investigation of multiple resistance in littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
 
Creator Rasool, Rubia
 
Contributor Bhullar, M. S.
 
Subject Efficacy, flufenacet, herbicide resistance, Phalaris minor, tolerance, wheat
 
Description The present study “Investigation of multiple resistance in littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor Retz.) and its management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)” was carried out at Students’ Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, in rabi 2013-14 and 2014-15. Experiment (Expt.) I investigated multiple herbicide resistance in P. minor (Pot study); two P. minor biotypes (resistant and susceptible) were treated with eight herbicides (fenoxaprop, metribuzin, pre-mix of fenoxaprop+metribuzin, clodinafop, sulfosulfuron, pinoxaden, pre-mix of mesosulfuron+ iodosulfuron and isoproturon) at five doses (¼ X, ½X, X (Recommended dose), 2X and 4X). In Expt. II, efficacy of flufenacet, applied at different doses (200, 250 and 300 g ha-1) and timings [pre-emergence, 21, 28 and 35 days after sowing (DAS)] against P. minor was evaluated. In Expt. III, tolerance of wheat to sulfosulfuron 24.4 g, pinoxaden 50 g, pre-mix of fenoxaprop+metribuzin 275 g and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron 14.4 g ha-1 applied at different wheat stages [14, 21, 30 (recommended) and 45 DAS] was investigated. In Expt. I, P. minor showed high level of resistance to fenoxaprop, isoproturon and clodinafop (resistance factor 1.92-3.89), low level to pinoxaden, sulfosulfuron and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (RF 1.06-1.34) and no resistance to fenoxaprop+metribuzin and metribuzin (RF 1.0). In Expt. II, flufenacet 250-300 g ha-1 application as PRE and at 21 DAS and recommended pendimethalin 750 g ha-1 as PRE reduced P. minor panicle density to 17-37 m-2 and 18-24 m-2, respectively, compared to clodinafop 60 g ha-1 at 35 DAS (105-106 m-2) and weedy check (132-144 m-2). These herbicides reduced the P. minor biomass to 18-52 g m-2 compared to 151-164 g m-2 in clodinafop and 217-228 g m-2 in the weedy check. In 2014-15, flufenacet 250 g ha-1 as PRE and at 21 DAS (before first irrigation) reduced wheat plant height by 2-13% at 45 DAS but the crop recovered later on; flufenacet 300 g ha-1 reduced wheat plant height by 31-44%. Flufenacet application at 250 g ha-1 as PRE and at 21 DAS provided wheat grain yield (4.2-4.5 t ha-1) similar to recommended pendimethalin 750 g ha-1 (4.5 t ha-1) and was significantly higher yield than clodinafop 60 g ha-1 in both years; its residues in soil and wheat grain at harvest were below the detection limit. In Expt. III, sulfosulfuron application at 14- 21 DAS, before first irrigation, provided effective control of P. minor (>80%) and produced wheat grain yield (4.5-4.7 t ha-1) similar to weed free check (4.9 t ha-1) in both the years; pinoxaden, fenoxaprop+metribuzin and mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron recorded significantly lower wheat grain yield compared to weed free due to poor weed control, crop toxicity or both. All the four herbicides effectively controlled P. minor (>83%) and produced wheat grain yield similar to weed free when applied at 30 DAS. When applied at 45 DAS, pinoxaden recorded the highest weed control (>90%) and the highest wheat grain yield in both the years. The results indicated development of multiple herbicide resistance in P. minor and provided new herbicide options and extended application window for management of P. minor in wheat.
 
Date 2016-08-18T15:10:43Z
2016-08-18T15:10:43Z
2016
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/72916
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana