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Biochemical Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Biofortification

KrishiKosh

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Title Biochemical Characterization of Maize Germplasm for Biofortification
M.Sc.
 
Creator Changan, Sushil Sudhakar
 
Contributor D.P. Chaudhary
 
Subject amino acids, maize, pigments, proteins, concentrates, germplasm, biological phenomena, iron, zinc, acidity
 
Description T-8830
Maize is one of the most important cereals after wheat and rice. It is
primarily being used for feed, food and as an industrial raw material. In India,
maize is the fastest expanding crop with area, production and productivity of 8.11
million hectare, 19.77 million tones and 2.43 tones/ha, respectively. Among the
three major cereals, maize has gain advantage of being the only crop that contains
appreciable amount of kernel carotenoids with wide range of genetic variability
and therefore qualifies as a good candidate crop for biofortification. Yellow maize
kernels contain several carotenoid isoforms, including two carotenes; α-carotene
and β-carotene and three xanthophylls; β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and lutein.
Maize exhibits considerable natural variation for kernel carotenoids, with some
lines accumulating as much as 66.0 g/g of total carotenoids. Maize is also
considered deficient in essential mineral particularly iron and zinc. Protein quality
of maize is of utmost importance as its protein is deficient in two essential amino
acids such as tryptophan and lysine. Quality protein maize (QPM) is nutritionally
improved as it is enriched in essential amino acids such as lysine and tryptophan.
In the present study, the samples in the form of selfed maize inbreds with
differently established genetic background were obtained from Directorate of
Maize Research, New Delhi and Hill Agricultural Research and Extension Center,
(HPKV), Bajaura. A set of 100 inbred lines grouped as 25 lines each of normal
and QPM germplasm obtained from two different locations (Delhi and Bajaura)
were analyzed for protein quality (protein, lysine, tryptophan and methionine) and
micronutrients such as carotenoids composition (total carotenoids, β-carotene, β-
cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) as well as iron and zinc concentration. Protein
quality and carotenoid composition were analyzed using ultra performance liquid
chromatography (UPLC). Zinc and iron were estimated using atomic absorption
spectroscopy. Results showed that kernel colour intensity and total carotenoids
exhibited highly significant positive correlation, whereas no significant correlation
has been observed between kernel colour intensity and β-carotene. A total of nine
QPM [HKI-3-4-8-6, HKI 34(1+2)-1, HKI 164-4(1-3)-2-2, HKI 164-4(1-3), HKI
193-2-2-2, NP-06-07R-76-8, NP-06-07R-80-6, LQPM-42 and LQPM-40] and
eleven normal lines [EC-618225-2, MRCHY 4840, NZB-1-2-1-3-1, SEED TECH
89-2-3, EC-4400248, BAJIM-08-27, BAJIM-13-1, BAJIM-13-2, HKI 1105, HKI
1128 and HKI 1155] have been identified as promising in terms of carotenoids
composition. Significantly, higher iron concentration was found in normal as
compare to QPM lines. A total of seven inbreds [HKI 164-4(1-3), HKI 34(1+2)-1,
HKI 164-4(1-3)-2-2, HKI 193-2-2-2, MRCHY 4840, EC 618225-2 and HKI
1128] have been identified as most promising micronutrient enriched inbreds
having highest concentrations of carotenoids along with iron and zinc
concentration. Wide variability was observed in the QPM germplasm with respect
to lysine and tryptophan concentration. Variation has also been observed for
methionine content. Five inbreds [LQPM-43, LQPM-40, NP-06-07R-76-8, HKI
164-4(1-3)-1, CML 153] were found to be having the desired threshold
concentrations of protein quality for QPM breeding. CML 168 has been identified
as the best QPM line obtained from Bajuara containing higher concentration of
lysine, tryptophan as well as methionine. In general higher methionine
concentration was observed in the QPM as compare to normal germplasm. The
outcomes will immensely, help the future breeding programme in developing
nutritionally improved maize genotypes.
 
Date 2016-06-22T15:21:35Z
2016-06-22T15:21:35Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67749
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI,Division of Biochemistry