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MODELING BLUE AND GREEN WATER FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN WATERSHED

KrishiKosh

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Title MODELING BLUE AND GREEN WATER FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN WATERSHED
 
Creator B.K.VARA PRASAD, ANNEPU ANNEPU
 
Contributor MANI, A
 
Subject irrigation, land resources, crops, runoff, area, surface water, land management, clay, water balance, yields
BLUE AND GREEN WATER, SUSTAINABLE, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATERSHED
 
Description Ground water is an important source for irrigation and drinking water in many parts of
Andhra Pradesh. Over exploitation through indiscriminate pumping of water has led to
aquifer depletion and ground water contamination causing agriculture vulnerable in rainfed
areas. Kothakunta sub watershed having an area of 550 ha in Medak district is also
dependent on ground water for agricultural production and it is the only source for irrigation.
About 98% of ground water resources of the mandal already have been exploited. Hence, for
sustainable water resources in watershed, rational planning including water management
practices integrated with suitable cropping system is required. That can be achieved by
reliable estimates of water balance by incorporating spatial variability of watershed
characteristics employing suitable hydrological model, SWAT. Soil and water assessment
tool (SWAT) is one such model which can be used to quantify the impact of land
management practices on the water yield of the watershed with varying soils, land use and
management conditions over long period of time. The model quantifies different components
of water balance which include surface runoff, lateral flow, ground water contribution to
stream flow (GWQ), actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage respectively.
Surface runoff, lateral flow and ground water contribution to stream flow account for blue
water resources whereas Actual ET and soil moisture storage indicate groundwater resources
of the watershed. The precipitation and irrigation that was applied was apportioned into
different water balance components in which percolation has amounted to 554.98mm
followed by actual evapotranspiration as 540.1mm, total aquifer recharge as 536.23mm,
surface runoff as 90.32mm and lateral flow as 32.87mm. However, surface runoff and lateral
flow were less compared with other components. The watershed has considerable area of
13.45% under paddy cultivation. The cultivation of paddy has shown significant impact on
water balance components by simulating more runoff (153.15mm), ground water contribution
towards stream flow (250.68mm) and actual ET of 1225.2mm respectively.
Hence, for sustainability of ground water resources, it was tried to simulate water
yield of watershed by reducing area under paddy cultivation and allocating that area for
irrigated dry crops namely maize, cotton and potato. Three different cropping scenarios were
proposed by reducing area under rice with 25%, 50% and 60% respectively. The cropping
scenario-2 with 25% reduction in paddy area and assigning that area to beans, maize and
cotton was proved to be suitable for watershed. In this particular scenario, the ground water
recharge i.e. deep percolation and total aquifer recharge were more leading to high ground
water table (blue water). The stream flow was however less compared to existing cropping
scenario. The stream flow reaches to Kothakunta tank and evaporation losses over a period of
time will decrease the availability of water. On the other hand the crops distributed in this
scenario shows predisposal conditions like less evapotranspiration and capillary rise leading
to lower green water loss. Under above said grounds, it is concluded that the proposed
alternative land scenario-2 is suitable to the kothakunta watershed for sustainability of ground
water resources.
 
Date 2016-06-06T12:16:51Z
2016-06-06T12:16:51Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66839
 
Language en
 
Relation ;D9220
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY