Record Details

Seed health status of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties in Dang district of south Gujarat

KrishiKosh

View Archive Info
 
 
Field Value
 
Title Seed health status of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties in Dang district of south Gujarat
 
Creator Kotgire, Ganesh S
 
Contributor Mehta, B.P.
 
Subject Unable to Generate Tags nau-57933 kotgire ganesh s..pdf
 
Description Seed infecting fungi are important constraints for the groundnut crop prior harvesting to storage. Many improved varieties have been developed in several countries in recent years, many of them were found susceptible to diseases due to narrow genetic makeup. Many fungal pathogens attack on the seeds and hamper seed health. Therefore, considering the importance of the problem, present investigation was carried out on various aspects to generate more information on seed borne
fungi of groundnut and their impact on seed health under south Gujarat condition.
I nfected seed samples of groundnut collected from field grown groundnut crop of farmers’ fields of Dang district revealed the variety of symptoms viz., blackish discoloration, purple stain on seeds as well as shriveled and smaller seeds. I solation of seed-infecting fungi was done by
standard blotter method and Agar plate method. I solation by both the methods revealed the predominantly association of Sclerot ium rolf sii, Fusarium monilif orme, Fusarium equiset i, Hel mint hosporium sp., Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus f lavus.
In pathogenecity test, highest per cent of pre and postemergence mortality was observed in seeds of Local variety inoculated with Aspergillus f lavus i.e. 40.00 and 48.89 per cent respectively. Differentb categories of seeds significantly reduced seed weight to the tune of 5.52 t 16.57 per cent loss over healthy seeds. Six different fungal species were found associated with discolored, purple stain on seeds as well as shriveled and smaller seeds of groundnut. Fungi viz., Aspergillus f lavus and A. niger were predominantly associated in all categories of seeds. Regarding to quality parameter, highest moisture content was observed in purple stain on seed (9.00 %) while, minimum moisture content was observed in apparently healthy seeds (7.0%) . Overall, each category of seed
induced 7.09 to 15.78, 6.71 to 13.61 and 5.94 to 25.07 per cent reduction of oil, protein and carbohydrate cont ent respectively over apparently healthy seeds. Similarly, all the categories of seeds significantly hampered seed health. The decrease in seed germi nation, shoot and root length over control was observed in the range of 1.16 to 6.98, 24.78 to 34.51 and 20.72 to 30.18 per cent respectively. Significantly lowest seed germination, shoot and root length was observed i n the category of shriveled and smaller seeds. Frequency of A. f lavus at Waghai, Bhenskatri, Kudkas and
Gaurya was observed maximum except Pimpri i.e. 40.00, 50.00, 53.00 and 48.00 per cent respectively. Assessment of fungi on moldy and healthy seeds showed total five fungal species associated with surface sterilized healthy seeds and six fungal species were associated with surface sterilized moldy seeds of Local, GG-2, Junagadh-11 and TAG-37 varieties. Frequency of A. f lavus and A. niger were maximum in healthy and moldy seeds of all groundnut varieties. Significantly, lowest 100 seeds weight was observed in the variety Junagadh-11 (42.54g) followed by GG-2 (43.78g),
TAG-37 (45.73g) and Local (48.95g).
Regarding the location of pathogen in seeds, A. f lavus and A. niger were found in all the parts of the seed i.e., testa, cotyledon and axis whereas, F. monilif orme and F. equiset i were present in cotyledon as well as in axis. I n blotter method the frequency of fungi ranged from 4.00 to 40.00, 6.00 to 51.00, 8.00 to 48.00 and 10.00 to 45.00 per cent in Agar Plate (PDA) method 10.00 to 50.00, 10. 00 to 49.00, 11.00 to 52.00 and 14.00 to 48.00 per cent and in paper towel method 0.00 to 33.00, 3.00 to 43.00, 10.00 to 36.00 and 7.00 to 41.00 per cent on seeds of Local, GG 2,
J 11 and T AG 37 varieties, respectively. Frequency of A. f lavus was highest in all the four varieties followed by A. niger, Fusarium monilif orme, F. equiset i and Hel mint hosporium sp. Adverse effect of six different fungi on seed health status of four groundnut varieties with three detection
methods revealed significant effect on seed germination, shoot length and root length. Seed germination recorded in the range of 66.67 to 96.00 % 62.67 to 90.67 % and 64.00 to 93.00 per cent in blotter, agar plate and paper towel method respectively. Shoot length recorded in the range of 3.87 to 5.43 cm, 3.70 to 4.63 cm and 3.83 to 5.13 cm in blotter, agar plate and paper towel method respectively. Significantly, minimum root length recorded in the range of 3.83 to 5.40 cm, 3.83 to 4.93 cm and 3.80 to 5.13 cm in blotter, agar plate and paper towel method respectively.
In transmission study the lowest seed germination, highest seed rotting and seed blight was observed in seed inoculated with A. f lavus i.e. 60.00, 40.00 and 33.33 per cent respectively in Local variety while in GG-2 it was 56.00, 44.00 and 32.66 per cent respectively.
All the bio agents were superior to improve seed health over control. Overall, bio agents recorded 22. 45 to 38.78, 12.50 to 26.79 and 11.40 to 25.44 per cent increase in seed germination, shoot length and root length respectively over control. Seeds treated with Trichoderma viride recorded highest germination (90.67%), shoot length (4.73cm) and root length (4.77 cm) and gave highest SVI i.e. 772.27.
All the fungicides and bio agents were superior over control under field condition. Significantly highest seed germination, survival per cent and 1000 seed weight was observed in the treatment of Sixer 75 WP (2g/kg seed) i.e. 89.33, 87.33 per cent and 524.96g respectively while
highest yield was observed in the treatment Trichoderma viride (1410.33kg/ha).
All the phytoextracts were superior to reduce seed mycoflora load of groundnut over control under storage condition. Minimum per cent occurrence of fungi was observed in the treatment Neem leaf extract (10%) in the range of 4.00 to 11.50, 5.00 to 11.50, 5.50 to 13.00 and 6.50 to
13.50 per cent after one, two, three and four months storage respectively followed by tulsi leaf extract (10% ).
 
Date 2016-05-24T11:18:28Z
2016-05-24T11:18:28Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66260
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher NAU