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Carbon Stocks and Fertility of the Soils of Shopian District (Jammu and Kashmir) Under Apple Orchards

KrishiKosh

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Title Carbon Stocks and Fertility of the Soils of Shopian District (Jammu and Kashmir) Under Apple Orchards
Ph D
 
Creator JAVID AHMAD SOFI
 
Subject apples, carbon, nutrients, altitude, orchards, organic soils, irrigation, enzymes, crops, planting
 
Description T-8665
This work undertakes the soil organic pools and enzyme profiles of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) orchard ecosystems under the three landscapes and different age stands in Kashmir Himalayas of India. In each soil, the activities of various enzymes linked to C, P and S cycles were determined viz: acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, dehydrogenase, Flourescein diacetate hydrolase, arylsulphatase, urease and β-D glucosidase activities. Various soil organic pools like total soil organic carbon, Walkley and Black soil organic carbon, particulate soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and KMnO4 oxidisable soil organic carbon were also estimated so as to assess the carbon sequestration in the cultivated soils under different altitudes and long term (50 years) of orchard cultivation. The altitude heights measured with GPS had prominent mean annual temperature differences between low and higher altitudes. The soil organic pools were more in the higher altitudes but contrary to our hypothesis the enzyme activities did not show a particular trend in the different landscapes. There was increase in the carbon stocks and enzyme activities with the increase in the age of apple orchard however, asymptotic behavior was obtained after 40-50 years of apple cultivation. The biological indicators and carbon pools were studied in relation with physico-chemical properties of soils which revealed negligible change in the pH and EC of the soils in the chronosequences of apple orchard soils. However physical properties like bulk density was improved with passage of time, hence imparting synergistic effect on enzyme activities. Interestingly soil separates viz, clay, silt and sand showed spatial changes in the three altitudes which might be attributed to geological drift of these soil separates over centuries. The data processed by discriminant analysis divided the soils into three well defined groups. The classification results indicates that all of the soils considered a priori as soil under L2, 100% were classified as belonging to the same group, while remaining none showed characteristics to those of other groups. On the other hand, the soils at first considered to be under L3, 4.2% presented characteristics similar to those of soils
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under L2. 97.2% of original grouped cases were correctly classified and 94.4 %of cross-validation grouped cases were correctly classified.
The biochemical response of the soils, therefore, differed according to the altitudes possessing different temperature regime and cover crops.
 
Date 2016-09-12T19:41:06Z
2016-09-12T19:41:06Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/76475
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI, Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry