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Evaluation Of Anaesthetic Protocols For Surgical Intervention In Mugger Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris)

KrishiKosh

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Title Evaluation Of Anaesthetic Protocols For Surgical Intervention In Mugger Crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris)
 
Creator Simon. M., Shiju
 
Contributor Sureshkumar, R.
William, B. Justin
Jayaprakash, R.
Thejomoorthy, P.
 
Subject Crocodile anaesthesia
Xylazine
Acepromazine
Midazolone
Diazepam
ketamine
 
Description Crocodilians, an important group of reptiles, maintained in zoological parks and
commercial farms worldwide, often require chemical restraint because of their large size
and aggressive disposition. Safe and effective anaesthesia and analgesia could be
challenging in reptiles because of their unique anatomy and physiology. Slow metabolic
rate makes induction and recovery prolonged as compared with other mammals. There
are no authenticated evaluations of anaesthetic monitoring or physiological parameters
are available. Xylazine and ketamine combination provided muscle relaxation, sedation
and analgesia. Acepromazine maleate is a phenothiazine derivative, rarely used for
immobilization purposes; mostly it is used in combination with ketamine. Diazepam is a
benzodiazepine derivative exerts potent muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant effect.
Midazolam is also a benzodiazepine derivative nearly three times more potent with faster
onset of action and a shorter duration of effect than diazepam. Hence this study was
undertaken to evolve safe and reliable anaesthetic regimen with the hypothesis that the
use of diazepam, acepromazine, midazolone as an adjunct to existing xylazine-ketamine
anaesthesia could reduce the stress during anaesthesia in captive Mugger crocodiles.
Twenty four crocodiles, divided into four groups of six each (group I, II, III and
IV). Group I, crocodiles were premedicated with alpha-2-agonist xylazine at the dose rate
of 1.5mg/kg body weight, group II, by xylazine and acepromazine combination at the
dose rate of 1.5mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg body weight, group III, by xylazine and midazolam
combination at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg body weight each and group IV, by xylazine
and diazepam combination at the dose rate of 1.5mg/kg and 0.22mg/kg body weight
intramuscularly, respectively. In all the groups, induction and maintenance was carried
out by administration of ketamine hydrochloride at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight
intramuscularly after the loss of tail reactivity to noxious stimuli.
There was a highly significant decrease in the time for sedation and induction in
group II (19.17 ± 1.33 and 21.83± 1.72 minutes) when compared to other three groups.
There was a highly significant increase in the duration of anaesthesia and recovery in
group IV (55.5 ± 1.05 minutes and 5.07 ± 0.33 hours) when compared to other three
groups. Recovery was smooth and uneventful for crocodiles of all the groups. Muscle
relaxation was excellent in group IV animals. There was no significant difference with
respect to the hematological parameters in between the groups. Significant difference was
observed for creatinine values in between the groups and highly significant rise in the
intra and post-operative serum glucose values in all groups. There were highly significant
difference in the serum total proteins and serum uric acid levels between all groups were
noticed.
In this study, group IV animals (xylazine-diazepam with ketamine) provide
excellent muscle relaxation, smooth induction and recovery. So this combination could
be used for all major surgeries. Xylazine and ketamine combination could be useful for
minor procedures like translocation.
 
Date 2016-05-23T12:25:24Z
2016-05-23T12:25:24Z
2010
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66210
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University