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STUDIES ON STEM ROT (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) DISEASE OF GROUNDNUT

KrishiKosh

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Title STUDIES ON STEM ROT (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) DISEASE OF GROUNDNUT
M.Sc. (PLANT PATHOLOGY)
 
Creator Khan, Nusrat
 
Contributor Dantre, R.K.
 
Subject STEM ROT (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.) DISEASE, GROUNDNUT
 
Description The present investigation entitled “Studies on Stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)
disease of Groundnut” were conducted in the laboratory and glass house of Dept. of Plant
Pathology and Plant Pathology Research Farm, IGKV, Raipur (C.G.).
The pathogen associated with stem rot of groundnut, collected sample was identified
as Sclerotium rolfsii on the basis of in-vitro studies viz. isolation, morphological
characterization and pathogenicity test. Ninety percent mortality was observed in soil
infestation method. The symptoms of Stem rot were observed under natural field condition on
collar region, leaves, stems and pods as yellowing and subsequent wilting of whole plant.
Culture filtrate of Sclerotium rolfsii reduced the germination by 73.33% and increased the
mortality by 27.38% in 100% concentration at 60 minutes dipping-of groundnut seed. Percent
germination was increased and mortality decreased with reduced the concentrations and
dipping time. Among the tested treatments of six fungicides including three new molecules,
one bioagent and two plant leaf extracts by blotter paper method, maximum germination
(96.66%) was recorded when seeds were treated with Penflufen,Trifloxystrobin,
Penflufen+Trifloxystrobin, Kavach and Dhanteam in comparison to control (76.66%).
Maximum root length (8.80cm) was recorded in Penflufen+Trifloxystrobin treatment. The
two species of fungi such as, Aspergillus flavus and A. niger were found associated with the
seeds of groundnut. Among the seed treatments tested for the presence of seed mycoflora
none were found associated with Penflufen, Penflufen+ Trifloxystrobin Kavach and Vitavax
Power treatment. However, in Neem and Datura leaf extract treatments, A.niger and A.flavus
were recorded. In dual culture test, maximum inhibition in radial growth of Sclerotium
rolfsii was obtained with Trichoderma harzianum (72.88%) followed by Trichoderma
viride (53.88%). Medicinal plant leaf extracts, neem oil and six fungicides including
three new molecules were evaluated for their efficacy by poisoned food technique,
treatments significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and sclerotial production accept
neem oil. The maximum inhibition of radial growth was recorded in Aak (5.55%) and
less no. of sclerotial production (25). In-vitro evaluation of neem oil at four
concentrations viz.0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0% against S. rolfsii on mycelial growth and
sclerotial production of S. rolfsii showed non significant result. In-vitro evaluation of
new fungicidal molecule i.e. Penflufen, Trifloxystrobin and Penflufen +
Trifloxystrobin alongwith Vitavax power and Dhanteam, at 100 ppm concentration
against S. rolfsii showed complete inhibition in mycelial growth of S. rolfsii.
Sclerotial formation was also not observed in these fungicides at same concentrations.
In pot experiment, different fungicides, bio agent, plant leaf extracts, neem oil and
combination of bioagent and fungicides were used for seed treatment against stem rot disease
caused by S.rolfsii. In seed treatment with new fungicidal molecules group i.e. Penflufen,
Trifloxystrobin and Penflufen +Trifloxystrobin highest germination (97.5%) and no mortality
(0.00%) was recorded in Penflufen fungicide. In seed treatment with bioagent and
combination of bioagent and fungicides, highest germination (97.5%) was recorded in
Trichoderma harzianum +Penflufen + Trifloxystrobin treatment and no mortality was
recorded (0.00%) in Trichoderma harzianum and Trichoderma harzianum +Vitavax Power.
In seed treatment with neem oil all concentrations showed non significant result in increasing
germination and decreasing post emergence mortality over control.
. In seed treatment with medicinal leaf extracts, highest germination (95.0%) and no
mortality (0.00%) was recorded in Datura leaf extract. In in-vivo evaluation of fungicides,
plant leaf extracts and one bioagent, highest germination was found in Penflufen+
Trifloxystrobin (85.33%). Maximum increment in plant height (30.8cm), no. of branches
(5.86) and root length(11.0cm) were recorded in Penflufen fungicide, maximum no. of
secondary root (33.4) was found in Trichoderma harzianum bioagent and maximum no. of
nodules (103.13) was found in Penflufen+Trifloxystrobin fungicide. Least stem rot incidence
was recorded in Penflufen+Trifloxystrobin (5.13%) and highest yield was also recorded in
Penflufen+Trifloxystrobin (5925.92 Kg/ha). In in-vivo effect of seed treatment against
important diseases of groundnut were also recorded. Tikka, Rust and Rhizoctonia blight were
appeared under natural field conditions. Less disease severity of Tikka (25%) Rust, (30%) and
Rhizoctonia blight (12%) was recorded in Penflufen fungicide.
 
Date 2016-09-22T14:05:58Z
2016-09-22T14:05:58Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier 118p.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/78388
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALYA, RAIPUR