POLLINATOR DIVERSITY, FORAGING ECOLOGY AND ROLE OF HONEY BEES IN SEED PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
KrishiKosh
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Title |
POLLINATOR DIVERSITY, FORAGING ECOLOGY AND ROLE OF HONEY BEES IN SEED PRODUCTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.)
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Creator |
JADHAV AMIT JAYANAND
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Contributor |
SREEDEVI, K
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Subject |
developmental stages, biological phenomena, sowing, planting, hybrids, productivity, honey, fruits, relative humidity, physical control
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Description |
Studies on “Pollinator diversity, foraging ecology and role of honey bees in seed production of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)” were carried out at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati during 2009 and 2010. Pollinator diversity, relative abundance, foraging activity and its correlation with plant morphometrics and abiotic factors in sunflower were studied. The impact of pollinators on seed yield was also assessed. The studies were carried out on sunflower Hybrid, NDSH-1 and parental lines (CMS 234A : RHA 859) which were sown separately at fifteen days interval. Pollinator diversity was high with 24 insect species visiting the sunflower capitula of both hybrid and parental lines which is inclusive of diurnal and nocturnal visitors. Bee species belonging to Apidae family were predominant pollinators and constituted 88.85% and 85.9% on hybrid and parental lines of sunflower, respectively. Among bees, Apis dorsata and Apis mellifera were the dominant species on hybrid and parental lines, respectively. The pollen foragers were active more during the day except Apis cerana whose activity was more during the late afternoon. The foraging activity of major pollinators was high during 10.00 and 11.00 h. Co-existence and resource partitioning was observed among different pollinators without competition exclusion where switch over of the species existed between A. dorsata and A. cerana. The higher foraging rate was observed in Xylocopa fenestrata followed by A. cerana, A. mellifera and Trigona irridipenis. The time spent on sunflower head foraging for pollen and nectar was maximum in case of A. dorsata and minimum in case of X. fenestrata. The pollinator activity showed no significant difference among different plant traits viz., plant height, disc width and number of rows open in disc florets except for flower width which had a significant positive correlation with A. dorsata and A. mellifera activity. Among abiotic factors, pollinator abundance showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature, sunshine hours and significant negative correlation with relative humidity and rainfall. The studies on assessment of role of pollinators in sunflower seed set has revealed that hybrid, NDSH-1 when excluded with pollinator visits yielded nearly 50% less resulting in chaffy and partially filled grains as compared to open pollination. Three modes of pollination viz., bee (A. mellifera) pollination, open and hand pollination carried out to evaluate the impact on seed yield exhibited that hand pollination was the best followed by bee pollination. It is concluded that the insect pollinators play a major role in hybrid seed production of sunflower. Hence, the conservation of the same is necessary in lines of biodiversity and sustainability. |
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Date |
2016-06-24T13:36:31Z
2016-06-24T13:36:31Z 2010 |
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Type |
Thesis
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Identifier |
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/67930
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Language |
en
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Relation |
D8709;
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Format |
application/pdf
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Publisher |
ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
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