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STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR ASHWAGANDHA (withania somnifera Dunal.) IN COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH

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Title STANDARDIZATION OF AGRO-TECHNIQUES FOR ASHWAGANDHA (withania somnifera Dunal.) IN COASTAL DISTRICTS OF ANDHRA PRADESH
 
Creator VENKATA SWAMI, D
 
Contributor PURUSHOTHAM, K
 
Subject vegetative propagation, sowing, planting, yields, harvesting, spacing, crops, developmental stages, biological development, drying
 
Description Studies on “Standardization of Agro-techniques for Ashwagandha (Withania
somnifera Dunal. ) in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh” was conducted at College
of Horticulture,Venkataramannagudem, West Godavari district , Andhra Pradesh
during late kharif seasons of 2009-10 and 2010-11. The studies include five
experiments. The first experiment was on “Effect of seed rate on growth and yield of
Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera Dunal. )” with treatments T1: 6 kg of seed ha-1,
T2: 8 kg of seed ha-1, T3: 10 kg of seed ha-1 and T4: 12 kg of seed ha-1. The
experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with five replications. Among
different seed rates, 12 kg of seed ha-1 had recorded highest plant height with longer
roots, higher fresh and dry root yield and seed yield and was on par with seed rate of
10 kg of ha-1. The growth attributes viz., leaf area, number of branches per plant and
root attributes like root girth, primary roots, secondary roots recorded higher at seed
rate of 6 kg of seed ha-1 and was on par with 8 kg of seed ha-1. Higher gross income
was obtained with the seed rate at 12 Kg ha-1. Further the seed rate at 6 Kg ha-1 was
observed with lower dry root yield resulting in lower net income and BCR. The seed
rate at 12 Kg ha-1 had recorded the maximum BCR followed by 10 Kg ha-1 seed rate.
Second experiment was on “Effect of spacing on growth and yield of
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.)” with treatments T1: 30x30 cm,
T2: 30x10 cm, T3: 20x20 cm and T4: 20x10 cm. Plant height was highest with
20x10 cm which was on par with 30x10 cm. The leaf area and primary branches per
plant was recorded highest with 30x30 cm spacing resulted in higher root girth,
primary and secondary roots. The treatment 20x10 cm recorded highest root length,
fresh root yield, dry root yield and seed yield which was on par with 30x10cm.
Higher gross income was observed with 20x10 cm spacing. Further lower dry root
yield was observed at 30x30 cm resulting in lowest net income and BCR. The
spacing 30x10 cm had recorded the maximum BCR followed 20x10 cm.
Third experiment was on “Influence of biofertilizers in combination with
graded levels of P2O5 on growth and yield of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera
Dunal)” with treatments T1 : P2O5 @ 30 kg ha-1, T2: P2O5 @ 40 kg ha-1, T3: P2O5
@ 50 kg ha-1, T 4: Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 30 kg ha-1, T5: Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 40
kg ha-1, T6: Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1, T7: Phosphobacteria + P2O5 @ 30 kg
ha-1, T8: Phosphobacteria + P2O5 @ 40 kg ha-1, T9: Phosphobacteria + P2O5 @ 50
kg ha-1, T10: Azatobactor, T11: Phosphobacteria and T12: Control. The maximum
plant height, leaf area, leaf area index and primary branches per plant on par was
recorded with Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 was on par with Azatobactor + P2O5
@ 40 kg ha-1 . The other yield and yield attributes viz., root length, root diameter,
fresh root yield, dry root yield and seed yields recorded maximum with Azatobactor
+ P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 was on par with Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 40 kg ha-1 and found
significantly superior to other treatments. Among the treatments, application of
Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 resulted in higher N, P and K uptake and was on
par with Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 40 kg ha-1 . Application of biofertilizers alone
(Azatobactor and Phosphobacteria) had resulted in low values for growth, yield and
nutrient uptake and was on par with P2O5 @ 30 kg ha-1. Higher gross income was
obtained with, Azatobactor + P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 compared to Azatobactor + P2O5
@ 40 kg ha-1 owing to higher yield. Further the control treatment recorded lowest
dry root yield resulting in lower net income and BCR. The treatment, Azatobactor +
P2O5 @ 50 kg ha-1 had recorded the maximum BCR followed by Azatobactor +
P2O5 @ 40 kg ha-1.
The fourth experiment was on “Effect of time of harvesting on root yield and
quality of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.) with five treatments T1: 120
days after sowing; T2: 135 days after sowing, T3: 150 days after sowing, T4: 165
days after sowing and T5: 180 days after sowing. Among different treatments, crop
harvesting on 180 days after sowing recorded the highest root length, root girth, dry
root weight and higher alkaloid content in roots. The roots obtained at maturity
stage, i.e., 180 DAS yielded higher per cent of ‘A’ grade roots, which was on par
with roots harvested at 165 DAS. The crop harvested on 120 days after sowing
recorded lower values for above parameters.
The fifth experiment was on “Effect of time of harvesting on quality of
ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal.) during storage” with five treatments viz.,
storage of roots for 65 DAH, 90 DAH and 135 DAH harvested at 120 days after
sowing (T1), 135 days after sowing (T2), 150 days after sowing (T3), 165 days after
sowing (T4) and 180 days after sowing (T5).with five treatments T1: 120 days after
sowing, T2: 135 days after sowing, T 3: 150 days after sowing, T4: 165 days after
sowing and T5: 180 days after sowing. The studies revealed that as the storage period
advances, there was a reduction in the root quality characters like root girth, root
weight and total alkaloid content. The dry root weight (g plant-1) was reduced during
storage irrespective of harvesting stage. The reduction in girth was almost linear upto
135 days of storage. The loss in weight was maximum in the stored roots harvested
at 180 DAS after 135 storage. As the storage period advances, the moisture content
of the stored roots increased irrespective of stage of harvest. The total alkaloid
content (%) was degraded during storage irrespective of stage of harvest.
 
Date 2016-06-08T09:42:40Z
2016-06-08T09:42:40Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66987
 
Language en
 
Relation D9090;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY