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AGROTECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EXPORT ORIENTED GROUNDNUT

KrishiKosh

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Title AGROTECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EXPORT ORIENTED GROUNDNUT
 
Creator PRATHAP, B
 
Contributor SRINIVASULU REDDY, D
 
Subject weeds, control methods, planting, groundnuts, nitrogen, yields, organic fertilizers, drying, livestock, harvesting
 
Description Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive rabi seasons of 2008
and 2009 on sandy clay loam soils of wetland block of Sri Venkateswara Agricultural
College, Tirupati campus of ANGRAU, to develop certain agro- techniques for
enhancing the productivity and quality of export oriented groundnut in Southern Agro
climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design,
replicated thrice. It consisted of three planting patterns viz., 22.5 cm x 10 cm (P1), 30.0
cm x 10 cm (P2) and 37.5 cm x 10 cm (P3) as main plots, four nitrogen management
practices viz., 100% N through fertiliser (NO, 100% N through poultry manure (N2),
50% N through fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure (N3) and 25% N through
fertilizer + 75% N through poultry manure (N4) as sub plots and four weed
management practices viz., Two hand weedings at 20 DAS and 40 DAS (W1), Preemergence
application of pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40
DAS (W2), Post emergence application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @ 54 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS
+ Hand weeding at 40 DAS (W3) and Pre-emergence application of pendimathalin @
1.0 kg a.i ha-1 + post emergence application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 40
DAS (W4) as sub-sub plots. The test variety of groundnut was Bheema (TG -47).
Different planting patterns, nitrogen and weed management practices exerted
significant influence on various parameters of groundnut. The interaction, wherever
existed, it was only that of varied planting patterns and weed management practices
was found significant, while none of the other interaction effects could be statistically
traceable. Since there was considerable variation in the magnitude of performance of
groundnut crop between the two years of investigation, pooled analysis was carried out
for all the vital parameters.
During the initial stages of crop (at 20 and 40 DAS), growth parameters viz.,
plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter production (DMP) were not
significantly influenced by varied planting patterns, nitrogen and weed management
practices, while during later stages all the growth parameters were significantly
influenced by different agro techniques mentioned above and only the interaction effect
of different planting patterns and weed management practices was significant, while
none other interaction effects were found statistically measurable, during the course of
two years of investigation.
Growth parameters (plant height, LAI and DMP) during later stages were found
the highest with the planting pattern of 22.5 cm x 10 cm (P1), which were comparable
with the planting pattern of 30 x10 cm (P2) and all the three growth parameters were at
their lowest stature with planting pattern of 37.5 x 10 cm (P3).
Yield attributes viz., total number of pods and filled pods plant-1 were the
highest with the planting pattern of 37.5 x 10 cm (P3), while they were at their lowest
with 22.5 x 10 cm (P1), while pooled mean hundred pod weight, shelling out turn and
hundred kernel weight were the highest with the planting pattern of 30x10 cm (P2),
which were comparable with 37.5 x10 cm (P3) and all of them were at their lowest with
22.5 x 10 cm (P1).
Pooled mean pod and haulm yields of groundnut were the highest with the
planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm (P1), which were comparable with 30 x 10 cm (P2) and
they were the lowest with 37.5 x 10 cm (P3). The highest harvest index was recorded
with the planting pattern of 22.5 cm x 10 cm (P1) and the lowest with 37.5 x 10 cm (P3).
Nutrient uptake (N, P and K) of groundnut through out the crop growth was the
highest with the planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm (P1) and it was found the lowest with
37.5 x 10 cm (P3). The highest post harvest soil available status of N, P2O5 and K2O
was found the highest with the planting pattern of 37.5 x 10 cm (P3), while it was the
lowest with 22.5 cm x 10 cm (P1).
Gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were the highest with the
planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm (P1) and they were at their lowest with 37.5 x 10 cm
(P3).
Growth parameters during later stages of crop growth and yield attributes viz.,
pooled mean total number of pods plant-1, number of filled pods plant-1 and hundred
kernel weight were found the highest with application of 50% N each through fertilizer
and poultry manure (N3), which were comparable with 100% N through poultry manure
(N2) and in turn were in parity with supply of 100% N through fertiliser (N1), while all
of them were at their lowest with application of 25% N through fertilizer and 75% N
through poultry manure (N4). Pooled mean hundred pod weight was the highest with
supply of 100% N through poultry manure (N2) and the lowest with supply of 100% N
through fertiliser (N1). Pooled mean shelling out turn did not vary significantly due to
different nitrogen management practices.
Pooled mean pod and haulm yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake (N, P and
K) through out the crop growth (during both the years) were the highest with 50% N
each through fertilizer and poultry manure (N3), followed by 100% N through poultry
manure (N2), 100% N through fertilliser (N1), with significant disparity between any
two of them and all of them were at their lowest with 25% N through fertilizer and 75%
N through poultry manure (N4). The highest post harvest soil available status of N,
P2O5 and K2O was found the highest with N2, followed by N4, N3, with significant
disparity between them and it was the lowest with N1.
Gross returns, net returns and benefit-cost ratio were the highest with
application of 50% N each through fertilizer and poultry manure (N3), while all the
three economic indices were the lowest with 25% N through fertilizer and 75% N
through poultry manure (N4).
Growth parameters during later stages of crop growth; all the pooled mean yield
attributes, pooled mean pod and haulm yield, harvest index and nutrient uptake (N, P
and K) through out the crop growth; pooled mean gross returns, net returns and benefitcost
ratio as well as post harvest soil available status of N, P2O5 and K2O were found
the highest with two hand weedings at 20 DAS and 40 DAS of groundnut (W1), which
were significantly higher than with the other weed management practices tried. The
next best practice was pre-emergence application of pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1
followed by one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W2), which was in parity with post
emergence application of Quzilofop --p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS followed by
one hand weeding at 40 DAS (W3) and all the above mentioned crop parameters were
found at their lowest with pre-emergence application of pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1
followed by post emergence application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 40 DAS
(W4).
Quality parameters of groundnut kernels in terms of protein content, oil content,
sucrose content and aflatoxin content did not differ significantly due to varied planting
patterns, nitrogen and weed management practices tried, during both the years of
investigation.
In respect of interaction effect, wherever existed during the course of two years
of investigation, only the interaction of planting patterns and weed management
practices was significant with regard to growth parameters during later stages of crop,
yield attributes, yield and economics. The interaction effect of planting patterns and
weed management practices was largely similar at all the instances of its presence, in
terms of the highest values associated in combination of best planting pattern and weed
management practice and the lowest values were registered with combination of the
poorest performed planting pattern and weed management practice, with reference to
respective parameters.
During the course of two years investigation weed flora observed in the
experimental fields consisted of five species of grasses, one species of sedge and
thirteen species of broad leaved weeds, with predominant weeds being Cynodon
dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundas, Borreria hispida, Celosia argentea,
Cleome viscosa and Euphorbia hirta.
The category wise and total density of grasses, sedges and broad leaved weeds
as well as category wise and total dry weight of weeds were significantly influenced by
different planting patterns, nitrogen and weed management practices adopted for
groundnut. Some of the Interaction effects of the three factors tried were significant at
20 and 40 DAS only, while none of the Interaction effects were found significant at 60,
80, 100 DAS and harvest. The trend of influence at all the stages of observation was
similar during both the years of investigation, only slightly differing In the magnitude.
At all the instances of sampling during both the years of study, the category
wise and total density as well as category wise and total dry weight of weeds were
found the lowest with the planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm (P1), which were
significantly lesser than with the other two planting patterns (30 x 10 cm and 37.5 x 10
cm) tried, with significant 'disparity between any two of them and they were the highest
with the planting pattern of 37.5 x 10 cm (P3).
At all the stages of sampling during the two years of experimentation, the
lowest category wise and total weed density and dry weight were observed with 50% N
through fertilizer + 50% N through poultry manure (N3), which were on par with 100%
N through poultry manure (N2) and 100% N through fertiliser (N1), but significantly
lesser than with 25% N through fertilizer + 75% N through poultry manure (N4), which
resulted in the highest category wise and total density and dry weight of weeds.
At all the occasions of observation, during both the years of investigation, the
lowest category wise and total density as well as dry weight of weeds were found with
pre-emergence application of Pendimathalin @ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1 + post emergence
application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @54 g a.i ha-1 at 40 DAS (W4) followed by preemergence
application of Pendimathalin @1.0 kg a.i ha-1 + one hand weeding at 40
DAS (W2), two hand weedings at 20 DAS and 40 DAS (W1) and post emergence
application of Quzilofop -p-ethyl @ 54 g a.i ha-1 at 20 DAS + hand weeding at 40 DAS
(W3), with significant disparity between any two of them and the highest category wise
and total weed density and dry weight were recorded with W3.
The interaction effects of planting patterns and nitrogen management practices,
planting patterns and weed management practices as well as nitrogen management and
weed management practices were significant in respect of category wise and total weed
density and dry matter, only at 20 and 40 DAS, with similar trend during both years of
study. The higher order interactions were not traceable with respect to density or dry
weight of weeds, during both the two instances of investigation.
In conclusion, the study has revealed that bold kernelled (export oriented)
groundnut could be successfully grown in the southern agro-climatic zone of Andhra
Pradesh, with a promising and viable package of agro techniques, comprising of sowing
groundnut with planting pattern of 22.5 x 10 cm, supply of 30 kg N ha-1 @ 50 per cent
each through fertiliser and poultry manure along with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40
DAS, for obtaining higher yield with better quality and remunerative monetary returns,
without any objectionable drain on the soil productivity status.
 
Date 2016-06-04T13:52:23Z
2016-06-04T13:52:23Z
2010-12
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66774
 
Language en
 
Relation D8991;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY