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STUDY ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE-MAIZE SYSTEM UNDER TWO METHODS OF RICE ESTABLISHMENT, LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND PHOSPHORUS IN ZERO-TILLAGE MAIZE

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Title STUDY ON WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE-MAIZE SYSTEM UNDER TWO METHODS OF RICE ESTABLISHMENT, LEVELS OF IRRIGATION AND PHOSPHORUS IN ZERO-TILLAGE MAIZE
 
Creator SREELATHA, D
 
Contributor SRINIVASA RAJU, M
 
Subject sowing, planting, yields, selection, biological phenomena, genetics, oilseeds, genotypes, developmental stages, sesamum indicum
 
Description A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons of kharif and rabi
of 2007-08 and 2008-09 to “Study on water productivity of rice-maize system under two
methods of rice establishment, levels of irrigation and phosphorus in zero-tillage maize”
at Water technology centre, College farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad
on sandy clay loam soil. The experiment was laid out in spilt-plot design replicated four
times. During kharif, the experimental field was divided into two blocks in each replication
where in two methods of rice crop establishment (Transplanted and aerobic method) were
evaluated. During rabi, zero-tilled maize was grown in sequence to rice while considering the
two previous rice crop establishment methods as main-plot treatments and two levels of
irrigation (1.0 and 0.8 IW:CPE) and four levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1)
as sub-plot treatments. The objective of the study was saving irrigation water with alternate
method of rice growing in kharif followed by maize under zero-tillage and to estimate the
water productivity of rice-maize system and also to standardize irrigation scheduling and
phosphorus nutrition in zero-tillage maize.
There was significant improvement in growth characters like plant height, tillers m-2,
dry matter, LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR under transplanted method of rice establishment
compared to the aerobic rice establishment method. All the yield attributing characters viz.,
number of panicles m-2, panicle weight, panicle length, number of filled spikelets panicle-1
and 1000 grain weight except the spikelet sterility were significantly more with transplanted
rice over aerobic rice.
Plant nutrient (N, P and K) uptake and soil available nutrient status of N, P and K at
crop harvest was greater under transplanted method as compared to aerobic method of
establishment. However, aerobic method recorded higher water productivity by utilizing less
irrigation water compared to transplanting. Among the two rice establishment methods,
transplanted rice registered higher gross and net returns and also cost : benefit ratio over
aerobic method of establishment.
In maize significantly higher values of growth characters like plant height, dry matter
production, root mass density, LAI, LAD, CGR, RGR and NAR, yield attributes such as cob
number ha-1, cobs plant-1, cob weight, grains cob-1, grain weight cob-1, 100 grain weight and
yield both grain and stover were observed when grown after aerobic rice method as compared
to transplanted method. Higher nutrient (N, P and K) uptake was also recorded by the maize
grown after aerobic method of rice establishment with higher nutrient available status of N, P
and K at harvest. The maize crop grown after transplanted method of rice establishment
recorded less consumptive use of water as compared to aerobic method of rice establishment
in both the years. The water productivity was more with maize grown after transplanted rice
method over aerobic method of rice establishment.
There was significant improvement in all the growth and yield parameters of maize
with irrigation scheduled at IW: CPE of 1.0 as compared to IW: CPE of 0.8. The influence of
irrigation frequencies are more pronounced on consumptive use rather than water
productivity. Higher water productivity was observed with IW:CPE of 0.8.
The growth and yield characters improved significantly from 0 to 30 and 60 kg P2O5
ha-1. Application of phosphorus for both rice and maize during both the seasons improved the
soil available phosphorus status and resulted in net gain of phosphorus balance at the end of
two seasons in rice-maize system. The results on soil moisture studies revealed that
consumptive use of water increased due to increasing levels of phosphorus in both the years
of study. The water productivity at 30 kg P2O5 ha-1 was comparable with that of 60 kg and 90
kg P2O5 ha-1 and superior to control. Based on the yield–input relation ship, the optimum
level of phosphorus was 85.4 kg P2O5 ha-1 for realizing higher grain yield of maize (7309 kg
ha-1). However, the economic level of phosphorus was 80.7 kg ha-1 to produce 7303 kg grain
ha-1 on pooled basis.
The soil physical properties (soil penetration resistance, bulk density, moisture
content and mean diameter of aggregates) improved when rice was grown under aerobic
method of rice cultivation followed by maize.
The higher gross and net returns and BCR were recorded with maize crop grown after
aerobic method of establishment. As a system, rice-maize sequence under aerobic method
recorded higher BCR over that of transplanted rice –maize system. Moreover, the aerobic
rice–maize system recorded higher system water productivity compared to transplanted ricemaize
system.
Based on the results, it is concluded that maize crop grown after aerobic method was
more productive and profitable in terms of benefit-cost ratio as well as system water
productivity. It also maintained better soil physical conditions. Scheduling of irrigation at
IW: CPE of 1.0 and phosphorus application @60 kg P2 O5 ha-1 each for both rice and maize crops were productive and profitable in rice-maize crop sequence.
 
Date 2016-06-06T11:54:50Z
2016-06-06T11:54:50Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66830
 
Language en
 
Relation D8815;
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N.G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY