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BIOECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WEEVIL, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus IN STORED WHEAT, Triticum aestivum

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Title BIOECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE WEEVIL, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus IN STORED WHEAT, Triticum aestivum
 
Creator ARVE, SWAPNIL S.
 
Contributor PATEL, M.B.
 
Subject Unable to Generate Tags arve swapnil s.-61119.pdf
 
Description Investigations on “Bioecology and management of rice
weevil, Sitophilus oryzae Linnaeus in stored wheat, Triticum
aestivum” were carried out at P.G. Research Laboratory,
Department of Agril. Entomology, N. M. College of Agriculture,
Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2011-13.
Study on host preference of S. oryzae revealed that rice
was the most preferred host for oviposition (166.67 eggs) and
adult orientation (36.67 adults) which was at par with wheat
(145.33 eggs and 33.67 adults) followed by sorghum (76.33 eggs
& 17.00 adults), maize (37.00 eggs and 8.67 adults) and bajara
(22.00 and 3.33 adult) while, finger millet (0.00 eggs and 0.67
adults) commodity was not preferred as host where adult female
totally failed to lay the eggs with negligible adult orientation.
Study on biology of S. oryzae in stored wheat revealed
that female laid egg singly into the grain kernel (Av. 157.60 ±
21.25 eggs) by preparing a small hole/cavity by using strong
mandibles which afterwards sealed by secreting gelatinous
substance. The egg was opaque-translucent, oval to pear shaped
with round ends and fairly flat towards top, broad at centre,
smooth and shining and measured about 1.00 to 1.11 mm in
length and 0.55 ± 0.05 mm in breadth. Average incubation period
was 6.50 ± 0.63 days in male and 5.63 ± 0.76 days in female with
average hatching percentage of 53.69 ± 13.94 per cent. The
average developmental period of first, second, third and fourth
instar larva in male was 4.77 ± 0.82, 5.87 ± 1.22, 6.60 ± 1.13
and 7.50 ± 1.22 days, respectively whereas, in female it was 5.80
± 1.19, 6.13 ± 1.33, 7.47 ± 1.31 and 8.77 ± 1.70 days,
respectively. Total larval period of male was 24.73 ± 1.96 days,
while in case of female it was 28.17 ± 2.38 days. The average
length of first, second, third and fourth instar larva was 1.08 ±
0.01, 1.33 ± 0.02, 2.21 ± 0.03 and 2.54 ± 0.01 mm and average
breadth of 0.51 ± 0.07, 0.66 ± 0.01, 1.35 ± 0.01 and 1.18 ± 0.01
mm, respectively. After larval stage assume the pre pupal form
before transforming into complete pupa for short period i.e. 1.43
± 0.53 days in male and 1.53 ± 0.51 days in female. The mean
duration of pupal period was 6.60 ± 0.93 days in male and 6.27 ±
1.08 days in female. The average pupal length was 1.40 ± 0.08
mm and breadth of 0.60 ± 0.03 mm.
Adults were reddish brown in colour which turns
darker after period of time and four orange to reddish spots were
seen on the corners of elytra. Adult sex was distinguished from
their body size as smaller in male and larger in female as well as
from rostrum character which was relatively shorter and wider in
case of male while the corresponding parameter was longer and
narrower in female. The average length and breadth of male was
2.58 ± 0.03 mm and 0.71 ± 0.02 mm, whereas that of freshly
emerged female was 2.94 ± 0.01 mm and 0.73 ± 0.02 mm,
respectively and at the time of oviposition it was 3.08 ± 0.02 mm
and 0.78 ± 0.01 mm, respectively. The average pre-oviposition,
oviposition and post oviposition period was 5.27 ± 0.98, 75.70 ±
4.89 and 6.47 ± 1.25 days, respectively. The average male
longevity with scarcity of food was 9.80 ± 4.22 days while, in
presence of food it was 58.53 ± 2.47 days. However, in female it
was 87.43 ± 5.48 days. The mean sex ratio (Male: Female) was 1:
1.57. The overall life cycle of male and female S. oryzae was
39.27 ± 1.66 and 41.60 ± 2.65 days, respectively whereas, that of
total life span was 97.80 ± 2.47 and 129.03 ± 6.33 days,
respectively.
Investigation on effect of different temperature and
relative humidity on growth and development of rice weevil, S.
oryzae under controlled atmosphere revealed that minimum
incubation period (5.35 days) was noticed at combination of 35
0C temperature coupled with 70 per cent RH whereas, larval-
pupal period was 28.05 days with 350C and 80 per cent. The
shortest period required for total development was 33.52 days at
350C temperature and 70 per cent RH which was favouring the
growth and development of S. oryzae. The minimum pre-
oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition period were 7.35,
71.80 and 5.80 days at thermal combination (temperature and
relative humidity) of 350C + 80 per cent, 350C + 70 per cent and
350C + 80 per cent, respectively. The highest fecundity (191.97
eggs) was also recorded at combination of 300C temperature with
70 per cent RH favoured the growth and development of S.
oryzae. The female longevity was shortest (82.97 days) at 350C
temperature and 80 per cent RH whereas, male longevity was
34.05 days with 350C temperature and 60 per cent RH.
The prolonged incubation period (10.65 days), larval-
pupal period (45.17 days), total developmental period (55.82
days), pre-oviposition period (7.35 days), oviposition period
(98.38 days), post-oviposition period (9.18 days) and female
longevity (114.92 days) existed with combination of 200C
temperature and 60 per cent RH whereas, the male longevity
(136.60 days) it was recorded at 200C temperature and 80 per
cent RH. The lowest fecundity (34.10 eggs) was recorded at
combination of 200C temperature with 60 per cent RH resulted
into most prejudicial combination.
Varietal screening showed that the wheat varieties viz.,
GW 496, GW 11 and GW 322 were found to be less susceptible to
S. oryzae while, varieties GW 173, GW 366 and LOK 1 were
existed under moderately susceptible whereas, the only variety
HD 2189 was found to be highly susceptible based on oviposition
preference by free choice test and adult emergence test.
Moreover, the categorization on basis of oviposition preference by
confinement test, life cycle duration, per cent grain damage and
per cent weight loss revealed that varieties viz., GW 496, GW 11,
GW 322 and GW 173 were less susceptible; while GW 366 and
LOK 1 were moderately susceptible and HD 2189 was again found
to be highly susceptible.
Eco-friendly approaches towards the management of
rice weevil, S. oryzae by investigating the bio-efficacy of various
plant powders revealed that neem seed @ 5g/100g (91.86 %) of
seed was significantly superior over rest of the treatments with
highest per cent mortality followed by neem seed @ 3g/100g
(88.31 %), neem seed @ 1g/100g (81.63 %) and garlic @ 5g/100g
(69.34 %). However, in control treatment significantly lowest
mortality recorded with 6.67 per cent followed by tulsi @ 1g/100g
(19.06 %) and turmeric @ 1g/100g (21.10 %). However, the
efficacy of different plant oils revealed that the treatment of neem
@ 1.2 ml/100g was significantly superior with 74.82 per cent
mortality followed by neem @ 0.8 ml/100g (69.51 %). The next
best treatments were neem @ 0.4 ml/100g (64.83 %) and castor @
1.2 ml/100g (64.82 %) whereas, significantly lowest per cent
mortality was noted in control (13.29 %) followed by groundnut @
0.4 ml/100g (39.68 %). The investigation on efficacy of inert
materials revealed that the treatment of diatomaceous earths 10
per cent had significantly highest per cent mortality (90.99 %)
followed by kaolinite clay 10 per cent (82.77 %). The treatments
viz., silica powder 10 per cent (68.95 %) and ash 10 per cent
(23.07 %) was found to be moderate effective. However, the least
effective treatment was cowdung ash 30 per cent (20.96 %)
followed by saw dust 10 per cent (15.19 %) and sand 10 per cent
(15.17 %) which was at par with each other.
The study pertaining to various packing materials on
per cent weight loss of wheat grains against S. oryzae at different
storage period revealed that the lowest mean per cent weight loss
recored in plastic jar (0.15 %) followed by polyethylene bag 300
gauge (1.42 %) which was at par with polyethylene bag 100 gauge
(1.62 %), whereas the maximum weight loss was exhibited in
cotton bag (7.63 %) followed by gunny bag with 500 mesh (6.44
%).
The general survey of S. oryzae carried out in Navsari
city revealed that the mean per cent infestation of wheat, rice
and sorghum was ranged from 1.9 to 7.9, 0.8 to 6.6 and 0.2 to
2.9 per cent with average adult emergence of 17.12, 18.97 and
9.76 adults respectively, wherein none of the host was found to
be free from infestation throughout the year. During survey three
natural enemies were recorded to parasitize on larva of S. oryzae.
Among them two were hymenopteran parasitoid (Anisopteromalus
calandrae Howard and Theocolax elegans Westwood) and a
predatory mite was retrieved. In wheat the activity of both
parasitoids was observed from July to November while in rice
only one dominating parasitoid i.e. A. calandrae was observed
from June to October.
 
Date 2016-05-10T11:22:42Z
2016-05-10T11:22:42Z
2013-10
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65924
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University