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SEED HEALTH STATUS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN DANG DISTRICT OF SOUTH GUJARAT

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Title SEED HEALTH STATUS OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES IN DANG DISTRICT OF SOUTH GUJARAT
 
Creator KOTGIRE, GANESH S.
 
Contributor MEHTA, B.P.
 
Subject sowing, fungi, groundnuts, germinability, developmental stages, biological phenomena, application methods, vegetative propagation, niger, diseases
 
Description Seed infecting fungi are important constraints for the
groundnut crop prior harvesting to storage. Many improved varieties have
been developed in several countries in recent years, many of them were
found susceptible to diseases due to narrow genetic makeup. Many fungal
pathogens attack on the seeds and hamper seed health. Therefore,
considering the importance of the problem, present investigation was
carried out on various aspects to generate more information on seed borne
fungi of groundnut and their impact on seed health under south Gujarat
condition.
Infected seed samples of groundnut collected from field grown
groundnut crop of farmers’ fields of Dang district revealed the variety of
symptoms viz., blackish discoloration, purple stain on seeds as well as
shriveled and smaller seeds. Isolation of seed-infecting fungi was done by
standard blotter method and Agar plate method. Isolation by both the
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methods revealed the predominantly association of Sclerotium rolfsii,
Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium equiseti, Helminthosporium sp., Aspergillus
niger and Aspergillus flavus.
In pathogenecity test, highest per cent of pre and postemergence
mortality was observed in seeds of Local variety inoculated with
Aspergillus flavus i.e. 40.00 and 48.89 per cent respectively. Different
categories of seeds significantly reduced seed weight to the tune of 5.52 to
16.57 per cent loss over healthy seeds. Six different fungal species were
found associated with discolored, purple stain on seeds as well as
shriveled and smaller seeds of groundnut. Fungi viz., Aspergillus flavus
and A. niger were predominantly associated in all categories of seeds.
Regarding to quality parameter, highest moisture content was observed in
purple stain on seed (9.00 %) while, minimum moisture content was
observed in apparently healthy seeds (7.0%). Overall, each category of seed
induced 7.09 to 15.78, 6.71 to 13.61 and 5.94 to 25.07 per cent reduction
of oil, protein and carbohydrate content respectively over apparently
healthy seeds. Similarly, all the categories of seeds significantly hampered
seed health. The decrease in seed germination, shoot and root length over
control was observed in the range of 1.16 to 6.98, 24.78 to 34.51 and
20.72 to 30.18 per cent respectively. Significantly lowest seed germination,
shoot and root length was observed in the category of shriveled and
smaller seeds. Frequency of A. flavus at Waghai, Bhenskatri, Kudkas and
Gaurya was observed maximum except Pimpri i.e. 40.00, 50.00, 53.00 and
48.00 per cent respectively. Assessment of fungi on moldy and healthy
seeds showed total five fungal species associated with surface sterilized
healthy seeds and six fungal species were associated with surface sterilized
moldy seeds of Local, GG-2, Junagadh-11 and TAG-37 varieties.
Frequency of A. flavus and A. niger were maximum in healthy and moldy
seeds of all groundnut varieties. Significantly, lowest 100 seeds weight was
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observed in the variety Junagadh-11 (42.54g) followed by GG-2 (43.78g),
TAG-37 (45.73g) and Local (48.95g).
Regarding the location of pathogen in seeds, A. flavus and A.
niger were found in all the parts of the seed i.e., testa, cotyledon and axis
whereas, F. moniliforme and F. equiseti were present in cotyledon as well as
in axis. In blotter method the frequency of fungi ranged from 4.00 to
40.00, 6.00 to 51.00, 8.00 to 48.00 and 10.00 to 45.00 per cent in Agar
Plate (PDA) method 10.00 to 50.00, 10.00 to 49.00, 11.00 to 52.00 and
14.00 to 48.00 per cent and in paper towel method 0.00 to 33.00, 3.00 to
43.00, 10.00 to 36.00 and 7.00 to 41.00 per cent on seeds of Local, GG 2,
J 11 and TAG 37 varieties, respectively. Frequency of A. flavus was highest
in all the four varieties followed by A. niger, Fusarium moniliforme, F.
equiseti and Helminthosporium sp. Adverse effect of six different fungi on
seed health status of four groundnut varieties with three detection
methods revealed significant effect on seed germination, shoot length and
root length. Seed germination recorded in the range of 66.67 to 96.00 %,
62.67 to 90.67 % and 64.00 to 93.00 per cent in blotter, agar plate and
paper towel method respectively. Shoot length recorded in the range of
3.87 to 5.43 cm, 3.70 to 4.63 cm and 3.83 to 5.13 cm in blotter, agar plate
and paper towel method respectively. Significantly, minimum root length
recorded in the range of 3.83 to 5.40 cm, 3.83 to 4.93 cm and 3.80 to 5.13
cm in blotter, agar plate and paper towel method respectively.
In transmission study the lowest seed germination, highest
seed rotting and seed blight was observed in seed inoculated with A. flavus
i.e. 60.00, 40.00 and 33.33 per cent respectively in Local variety while in
GG-2 it was 56.00, 44.00 and 32.66 per cent respectively.
All the bio agents were superior to improve seed health over
control. Overall, bio agents recorded 22.45 to 38.78, 12.50 to 26.79 and
11.40 to 25.44 per cent increase in seed germination, shoot length and
root length respectively over control. Seeds treated with Trichoderma viride
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recorded highest germination (90.67%), shoot length (4.73cm) and root
length (4.77 cm) and gave highest SVI i.e. 772.27.
All the fungicides and bio agents were superior over control
under field condition. Significantly highest seed germination, survival per
cent and 1000 seed weight was observed in the treatment of Sixer 75 WP
(2g/kg seed) i.e. 89.33, 87.33 per cent and 524.96g respectively while
highest yield was observed in the treatment Trichoderma viride
(1410.33kg/ha).
All the phytoextracts were superior to reduce seed mycoflora
load of groundnut over control under storage condition. Minimum per cent
occurrence of fungi was observed in the treatment Neem leaf extract (10%)
in the range of 4.00 to 11.50, 5.00 to 11.50, 5.50 to 13.00 and 6.50 to
13.50 per cent after one, two, three and four months storage respectively
followed by tulsi leaf extract (10%).
 
Date 2016-05-03T10:55:43Z
2016-05-03T10:55:43Z
2013-05
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65741
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari