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Analysis Of Tetracycline Residues In Poultry And The Impact Of Its Wash - Off On Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Bijargi

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Title Analysis Of Tetracycline Residues In Poultry And The Impact Of Its Wash - Off On Macrobrachium Rosenbergii Bijargi
 
Creator Rameshwar, Bijargi Shriharsh
 
Contributor Hariharan, P.
Selvasubramanium, S.
Venkateswaran, K.V.
Srinivasan, S.R.
 
Subject Broilers
Tetracyclines
Tissue residues
Pharmacokinetics
Poultry wash-off
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Acute immobility test
 
Description Antimicrobials are commonly used in animal production since 1940’s,
after it was observed that tetracycline increased the survivability and growth rate
in chicken. With the intensification of broiler industry, stress on birds increased
and hence the use of antimicrobials in production has also increased. To safeguard
public health against the deleterious effects of antimicrobial residues in
consumable meat, regulatory agencies all over the world have come up with
measures like prescribing “Maximum Residue Limits” (MRLs) so as to keep the
antimicrobial concentration in meat below the prescribed limit by following strict
withdrawal periods.
Considering the utility and requirement regarding the use of tetracyclines
in mass medication through drinking water and the lack of published data in this
regard, the present study was designed and conducted on pharmacokinetic and
tissue residue analysis of oxytetracycline (10 mg.kg^-1), doxycycline (20 mg.kg^-1)
and tigecycline (10 mg.kg^-1) in broilers. Twelve pharmacokinetic studies
(Intravenous – single dose, oral– single dose, through drinking water– single dose,
through drinking water– multiple doses) and three tissue depletion studies
including six sacrifices per study at seven day interval till 35 days post-treatment
were conducted. Residues of tetracyclines were analysed in muscle, liver and
kidney considering Codex MRLs. An attempt was also made to study the effect of
tetracyclines on aquatic invertebrates when these antimicrobials are present in
poultry unit waste (wash-off) using Macrobrachium rosenbergii as a model for
the toxicity study.
Oxytetracycline demonstrated very poor bioavailability through oral
(23.52%) and drinking water route (2.43 and 4.81% for single and multiple dose).
In tissue depletion study, muscle tissues was observed to retain oxytetracycline for
longer period than other tissues with the levels above MRL at day 7 while liver
and kidney had quantifiable levels only on day 1. An overall withdrawal period of
14 days can be suggested for oxytetracycline at the given dosage regimen.
Doxycycline was found to have greater stability and fair systemic
bioavailability after administration through drinking water (27.60 –single dose and
33.28% - multiple dose) or per-os route (47.60%). A consolidated withdrawal
period upto 28 days can be prescribed for doxycycline based on tissue depletion
studies.
Tigecycline, a novel glycylcycline compound also had poor bioavailability
(through drinking water after 5 doses – 2.2%) similar to oxytetracycline. The
tissue depletion study revealed presence of quantifiable tigecycline only on day 1
of sacrifice, suggesting a necessary withdrawal period upto 7 days in all the
tissues.
Oxytetracycline and tigecycline could not meet the therapeutic levels in
plasma required for treatment of systemic infections. Doxycycline, though found
to be most feasible tetracycline for mass medication, exhibited a longer
withdrawal period required to bring the tissue concentrations below prescribed
limits, which questions the field applicability of this antimicrobial at given dose
and dose interval. Usefulness of oxytetracycline and tigecycline for treatment of
gastrointestinal infections and as a growth promoter can be considered since these
tetracyclines have lower tissue penetration and shorter withdrawal period.
While evaluating the effect of tetracyclines as wash-off contaminants from
poultry farm the concentrations of tetracyclines as high as 0.5mg/g of wash-off
was observed. On testing Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Giant freshwater prawn)
for acute immobility test with the same amount of tetracyclines for 48 h, no acute
toxicity was evident. However, delay in hemolymph clotting time and molting
time suggested possible immunosuppression caused by tetracyclines.
 
Date 2016-05-23T15:26:29Z
2016-05-23T15:26:29Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66233
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University