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Host Preference and Management Studies of Pulse Beetle- (Callosobruchus chinensis L.)

KrishiKosh

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Title Host Preference and Management Studies of Pulse Beetle- (Callosobruchus chinensis L.)
 
Creator Patil, Rupali Prataprao
 
Contributor Bhowmick, A.K.
 
Subject ENTOMOLOGY
 
Description ABSTRACT
Present studies were under taken on studies on host preference and management studies of pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) infesting chickpea on different varieties of stored chickpea. The results so obtained are presented here with. Thirty varieties of chickpea were taken against the pest C. chinensis for orientational preference, ovipositional preference, total developmental period (egg to adult) and losses caused by this pest.
Reaction of thirty chickpea varities on orientation, development and survival of Pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was studied at room temperature at 27+10C. and 75± 5% relative humidity. Variety GJG-0701, JAKI-9218 and Subhra was found resistant on which result lowest orientational, ovipositional behaviour, lowest adults’ emergence, per cent grain damage and percent loss in grain weight. However, development (eggs to adults) of C. chinensis took only 33.33 days. The other promising Varieties with regard to reaction against C. chinensis were GJK-2, Pili dant Udaipur and. JGK-1 variety was most susceptible on the basis of above parameter. Pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) was first seen breeding on pulses and hence named as pulse beetle as far back as 1763. India is considered to be the native land of this beetle (Fletcher 1911, Newman, 1927; Zacher 1937.)
The largest damage by the pulse beetle is done between August and November comparatively less in February and March and least in December-January and during very hot month.The two sexes of Callosobruchus chinensis look apparently alike but when carefully examined, the male can be distinguished from female by the form of wing veination and size of adult which is shorter and larger in the female than in the male; well developed hind wings are present beneath elytra punctures on pronotum rounded, the dorsal surface is much more closely punctured in male than female. It has been reported to fly towards wind direction and infests standing crops up to 2.5 kilometers distance from storage. (Khare and Agrawal, 1970)
Chickpea varieties did not influence the developmental period of C. chinensis which ranged from 33.33 days in GJG-0701, JAKI-9218 and Subhra to 38.66 days in JGK-2. Minimum number of adults (3.0) was emerged in GJG-0701, JAKI-9218 and Subhra followed by GJK-2, Pili dant Udaipur. The adults’ emergence in JGK-2 was five folds in comparison to GJG-0701, JAKI-9218 and Subhra. The weight of hundred grains did not influence the emergence of adults, while seed coat of seeds influence the emergence significantly.
Incidence of Pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis on different varieties of stored chickpea, the wide variability against the pest, and testing the promising, i.e. comparatively resistant varieties, under different storage conditions are recommended for further work.
Chickpea ranks 3 among pulses on global basis and constitutes 88% of the rain-fed cropping system. A survey was conducted to observe the pest status of Pulse Beetle (PB), Callosobruchus chinensis L., in the Madhya Pradesh province of Jabalpur. Percent damage/infestation by PB to stored chickpea proved this pest as a major one, causing more than 10% damage.
In the present studies, plant powders and extracts of black pepper (Piper nigrum), red chilies (Capsicum annum), cloves (Syzygium aromalicum), neem (Azadirachia indica), datura (Datura stramonium), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) were found effective against PB but black pepper powder and red chilies powder were the most effective. Showed significant insecticidal properties in controlling PB. The results of the studies revealed that plants belonging to families Meliaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae, Piperaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Cruciferae showed promising insecticidal properties against PB. Among miscellaneous materials as post harvest grain protectants, fly ash proved to be the best in managing PB infestation to lower levels.
Plant materials applied both to cloth bag and chickpea grains inside, provided efficient protection to grains in terms of insect number, damaged grains and percent foreign matter, which increased gradually and significantly in un-treated bags after every month. The correlation of temperature for these months with the insect number, damaged grains and foreign matter was significantly positive while it was positive but non-significant with relative humidity. There was negative but non-significant correlation between temperature and relative humidity. The grains from treated and un-treated bags were subjected to germination test after 6 months storage and it was observed that bags with higher PB infestation exhibited lower germination percentage and vice versa.
However, all the plant material treated samples provided significantly higher germination than the control. The sensory analysis of grain samples from bags was also carried out to assess the intensity of off-flavor in treated and untreated samples. Besides untreated bags, coopex dust treated bags also provided significantly higher intensity of off-flavor. In experiments regarding management of PB using high and low temperatures, all the temperature treatments (15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C, 40 °C and 45 °C) were significantly better in their exposure of 10 minutes as compared to that of 5 minutes, indicating that longer exposures to temperatures beyond temperature preferendum gave better results in reducing PB infestation. However, these temperatures in almost every exposure showed marked and significantly better effect in managing PB when compared with 30 °C. Temperature treatment of 15 °C with 10 minutes exposure proved to be the best showing the minimum days to mortality, eggs per grain, holes per grain, fresh adults emerged, weight loss and the maximum inhibition of PB.
The present studies were carried out with following objectives.
Objectives:-
1. Screening of different varieties of chick pea against the infestation of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.)
2. To study the management practices of Callosobruchus chinensis L. on chickpea.
 
Date 2016-08-17T11:55:51Z
2016-08-17T11:55:51Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/72721
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher JNKVV