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STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND WATER QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS USING GIS TOOLS

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Title STUDY ON SOIL, CROP AND GROUND WATER QUALITY IN MUSI RIVER IRRIGATED AREAS USING GIS TOOLS
 
Creator KRISHNAVENI, YAMALI
 
Contributor AVIL KUMAR, K
 
Subject irrigation, liquid wastes, area, water, surface water, sampling, inorganic acid salts, yields, crops, planting
SOIL, CROP, GROUND WATER, MUSI RIVER, GIS TOOLS
 
Description An investigation entitled ‘Study on soil, crop and ground water quality in musi river
irrigated areas using GIS tools’ was carried out in command areas of Pillaipally
(17°23'49.6"N, 78°42'28.6"E) and Bhemilingam (17°22'50.9"N, 78°55'55.4"E) anicuts,
Musi river in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh, during kharif, 2011. Samples of canal
water from Pillaipally (23) and Bhemilingam (25) anicuts and ground water in command
areas of Pillaipally (41) and Bhemilingam (49) anicuts and surface soil samples (126) from
Pillaipally (73) and Bhemilingam (53) anicuts command areas in addition to rice grain
(120) samples were collected from the farmers’ fields along with GPS readings and
analyzed for various constituents in laboratory by using standard procedures. Rice yield
data was collected by crop cut experiments in selected 120 farmers’ fields 60 from each
anicut command areas. Out of 120 rice samples 50 samples were analyzed for
micronutrients and heavy metals. The Survey of India (SOI) topographical maps of 56K7,
56K11 and 56O3 in 1:50,000 scale covering command areas of both were used as reference
maps for geo-referencing and demarcating the study area. The thematic (base) maps on
spatial variability of soil fertility and water quality and also rice yield have been generated
by ordinary krigging method, Arc map 9.3 GIS software.
Canal water samples (98%) in Pillaipally and Bhemilingam anicuts were alkaline (pH
of 7.5 to 8.83) in nature and the alkalinity increases from Pillaipally anicut to Bhemilingam
anicut. Ground water samples were neutral (7-10%) to alkaline (90-93%). Canal water
belongs to C3(89%) and C4 (11%) classes in both the anicuts but ground water recorded
C1 and C2 classes along with C3 (54%) and C4 (25%) classes. Sodium adsorption ratio of
both canal and ground water samples were low (S1). Majority (86%) of canal water
samples and 53 per cent of ground water samples were class II (C3S1) category and 26 per
cent of ground water was class III (C4S1). Among canal water samples, 52 and 64 per cent
were under safe category in RSC, 5 and 16 per cent under moderate and 43 and 20 per cent
were under unsafe category in Pillaipally and Bhemilingam anicuts, respectively. Among
ground water samples, majority (81%) of the samples were found to be under safe
category in both Pillaipally and Bhemilingam anicuts.
Chloride content of both canal water samples (3.2 to 15.8 me l-1) and ground water
samples (2 to 40.4 me l-1) were moderate to unsafe. The Nitrates of water was moderate to
unsafe (20-100 mg l-1). Both canal and ground water samples collected were found to be
safe with regard to Ammonia, Flouride, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cr, Co, Ni and Pb. Canal and ground
water samples were found to contain unsafe levels of Cu and Cd in both the anicuts.
Majority (69%) of the soils were sandy clay loam followed by sandy loam (21%) and
loam (10%) and were non saline (EC of 0.1 to 1.2 dS m-1) and moderately alkaline (71%
and 39%) to strongly alkaline (13% and 55%) in Pillaipally and Bhemilingam command
areas, respectively. Majority of soil samples were high in organic carbon, low in available
N, high in P and K and high in Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Cd and Pb in both the anicuts.
Available Zn found low in 86 per cent of the samples in both the anicuts. Heavy metals in
soils exceeded permissible limits in both Pillaipally and Bhemilingam anicuts except Cr.
Paddy yields (kharif) varied from 4375 to 7875 kg ha-1 and 3850 to 7850 kg ha-1 with
the mean yield of 5869 kg ha-1 and 5650 kg ha-1 in the command area of Pillaipally and
Bheemalingam anicuts. The yields were higher under canal irrigation in both anicut
command areas.
Paddy yield was negatively correlated with pH (r = 0.331) and EC (r = 0.386) of canal
water and with EC (r = 0.50) and chlorides (r = 0.342) and Ca+Mg (r = 0.211) of ground
water. Yield was positively correlated with available N in soil (r = 0.381 and 0.570) and
negatively correlated with EC of soil (r = 0.548 and 0.689) in both the commands, while it
was positively correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.502) in Pillaipally command area.
 
Date 2016-06-06T12:06:44Z
2016-06-06T12:06:44Z
2012
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/66835
 
Language en
 
Relation ;D9218
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY