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PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION LEVELS, MULCHES, CROP GEOMETRY AND WEED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ON INPUT USE, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF SUMMER MAIZE (Zea mays L.)

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Title PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION LEVELS, MULCHES, CROP GEOMETRY AND WEED MANAGEMENT OPTIONS ON INPUT USE, PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF SUMMER MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
 
Creator Awasthy, Pritee
 
Contributor Bhambri, Dr. M.C.
Pandey, Dr.N.
Bajpai, Dr. R.K.
Saxena, Dr. R.R.
 
Subject weeds, irrigation, crops, control methods, cultivation, planting, maize, yields, grain, biological development
 
Description Field experiments, on “Performance of drip irrigation levels, mulches,
crop geometry and weed management options on input use, productivity and
profitability of summer maize (Zea mays L.)” were conducted at Precision
Farming Development Centre, Horticulture Farm, IGKV, Raipur (C.G) during
summer 2012 and 2013.
The soil of experimental site was silty clay loam in texture, neutral in reaction,
low in available N, medium in available P2O5 and high in available K2O status. The
climate of the region is sub humid with an average annual rainfall of 1200-1400 mm.
The crop received 18.0 mm and 214.5 mm rainfall during crop period of 2012 and
2013, respectively. The two different experiments on maize were undertaken under
drip irrigation during two consecutive summer season of 2012 and 2013. The first
experiment was comprised of four irrigation levels among them, three drip irrigation
levels [at 75 % PE (I1), 100 % PE (I2) and 125 % PE (I3)] and one surface irrigation
as control (I4) in horizontal strip and five mulches i.e. black polythene mulch (M1),
straw mulch (M2), live mulch with green gram (M3), no mulch with weed free (M4)
and no mulch with weedy check (M5) in vertical strip in strip plot design with three
replications. In second experiment four crop geometries and five weed management
options were assigned in main and sub plots respectively in split plot design with
three replications. The treatments comprised of crop geometry of 60 cm x 20 cm
(C1), 60 cm x 15 cm (C2), 45 cm x 20 cm (C3) and 45 cm x 15 cm (C4) in main plots;
weedy check (W1), weed free with hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS (W2),
atrazine 1.25 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence (PE) followed by metsulfuron-methyl 0.004
kg ha-1 at 25 DAS (W3), atrazine 1.25kg ha-1 at 15 DAS followed by hand weeding
at 40 DAS (W4) and atrazine 1.25kg ha-1 at 15 DAS followed by intercultivation at
35 DAS (W5) as weed management options in sub-plots. Maize F1 hybrid Bheem
was taken as test crop during the course of investigations.
The results of first experiment on effect of drip irrigation levels and mulches
on physiological and yield parameters of summer maize revealed that all the growth
parameters like plant height, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, leaf area index, dry
matter accumulation and crop growth rate, yield attributes i.e. number of cobs plant-
1, number of grains row-1, number of grains cob-1, weight of cob, grains weight cob-1
and 1000 grains weight, grain and stover yield, soil moisture content, net return (`
267
46089 ha-1) and benefit: cost ratio (1.22) were significantly higher under drip
irrigation at 125 % PE but was comparable with drip irrigation at 100 % PE.
However, lower values of the above characters was obtained under drip at 75 % PE
followed by surface irrigation. Similarly all these characters were also superior with
black polythene mulch which was on par with straw mulch.
On the contrary, the maximum water use efficiency, least weed density,
weed dry weight and higher weed control efficiency were recorded under drip
irrigation at 75 % of PE followed by drip irrigation at 100 % PE. Among the various
mulches, black polythene mulch recorded maximum water use efficiency, least weed
density and dry weight and higher weed control efficiency which was close to straw
mulch. While least water use efficiency, weed density, weed dry weight and weed
control efficiency was obtained under no mulch with weedy check. Among the
different combinations of drip irrigation and mulches the highest net return was
obtained under drip irrigation at 125 % PE with straw mulch (` 57563 and 57164
during 2012 and 2013 respectively) followed by drip irrigation at 125 % PE with
black polythene mulch (` 52542 and 54797 during 2012 and 2013, respectively).
The highest B: C ratio was found under drip irrigation at 125 % PE with straw
mulch (1.60 and 1.50 during 2012 and 2013, respectively).
Further, the results of second experiment on effect of crop geometry and
weed management options on growth, yield and weed dynamics of summer maize
emphasized that is the major weed species observed in the experimental field were
Chenopodium album, Alternanthera sessilis, Echinochloa colona, Dinebra
retroflexa and Cyperus iria. Data revealed that at early observational stages of 20
and 40 DAS the weed density and weed dry weight (species wise and total) was not
influenced significantly due to crop geometry. At later stages of 60 DAS and at
harvest the higher weed density and weed dry weight (species wise and total) was
obtained under broader spacing of 60 cm x 20 cm (C1) which was gradually reduced
with reducing the crop spacing. The lowest total weed density was observed with 45
cm x 15 cm spacing in both the years. Crop geometry of 45 cm x 15 cm observed
lower weed growth rate and higher weed control efficiency followed by 45 cm x 20
cm at all the observational stages while, the higher weed growth rate and lower weed
control efficiency was found under wider crop geometry of 60 cm x 20 cm. Weed
index was higher with crop geometry of 45 cm x 15 cm (18.92 %) followed by 60
cm x 20 cm (11.52 %). However, least weed index was noticed with spacing of 60
cm x15 cm to the tune of 4.62 per cent. Maize sown at the crop geometry of 60 cm x
20 cm resulted higher growth parameters i.e. number of leaves plant-1, leaf area, leaf
area index, crop growth rate which was at par with crop geometry of 60 cm x 15 cm
followed by crop geometry of 45 cm x 20 cm. Whereas, yield attributing characters
like weight of cob, grains weight cob-1, 1000 grains weight and yield was found
higher under crop geometry of 45 cm x 20 cm which was comparable to crop
geometry of 60 cm x 15 cm.
 
Date 2016-02-10T15:20:06Z
2016-02-10T15:20:06Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/64293
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur