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Effect of nitrogen nutrition and production techniques of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on productivity, soil chemical and microbial properties

KrishiKosh

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Title Effect of nitrogen nutrition and production techniques of rice (Oryza sativa L.) on productivity, soil chemical and microbial properties
M.Sc.
 
Creator SOUMYA SAHA
 
Contributor Y. V. Singh
 
Subject Aerobic rice, conventional transplanting, cost of cultivation, fertility index, harvest index, net return, plant growth, SRI
 
Description T-8818
A field experiment was conducted during the rainy (Kharif) season of 2012 at Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of methods of rice production
and nitrogen management on plant growth, productivity, profitability, nutrient uptake, soil
chemical and microbial parameters and water productivity. The experiment was laid out in
split plot design with three methods of crop production viz., conventional transplanting (CT),
system of rice intensification (SRI) and aerobic rice (AR) and five nitrogen management
treatments viz., Recommended dose of N (120 kg ha-1) through urea, 125% RDN through
urea; 150% RDN through urea; 75% RDN through urea + 25% RDN through FYM and
100% RDN through FYM. Nitrogenous fertilizer was applied in 3 splits and equal doses of P
and K fertilizers were applied in all the treatments. In CT and SRI, 21 and 11 days old
seedlings were transplanted at the spacing of 20 cm x 10 cm and 25 cm x 25 cm, respectively
in puddled field. In aerobic rice, seeds were sown in rows at 20 cm spacing. Seeds in all the
three methods were sown on the same day. In CT 5 cm water was maintained from
transplanting to grain filling stage of crop and later only moist soil conditions were
maintained. However, in SRI and aerobic rice 3 cm and 2.5 cm water was applied and
alternate wetting and drying condition was maintained throughout the cropping season.
Results showed that plant height and dry matter accumulation at 90 DAS and at harvest were
significantly higher in CT and SRI than aerobic rice. Numbers of tillers were significantly
higher in AR compared to other methods. Application of N at 150% RDN through urea gave
highest plant height, number of tillers m-2 and dry matter accumulation. Aerobic rice gave
significantly higher number of panicles m-2 than CT and SRI but total grain panicle-1, panicle
weight and fertility index were significantly lower in aerobic rice than CT and SRI. CT and
SRI showed statistically at par values of yield attributes viz., panicle number m-2, weight and
length of panicles and number of filled grain panicle-1. 150% RDN showed highest panicle
weight, filled grains panicle-1 and fertility index but it was at par with 125% RDN. CT and
SRI methods gave significantly higher grain, straw and biological yields than aerobic rice
but CT and SRI methods showed statistically at par grain, straw and biological yields. There
was no significant difference in grain, straw and biological yield at 100% RDN, 125% RDN,
150% RDN and 75% RDN +25% RDN; however, 150% RDN recorded highest grain, straw
and biological yields. Lower cost of cultivation and higher B: C ratio was found in different
treatments with AR as compared to conventional and SRI method. Highest net return was
recorded with 150% RDN through urea under SRI method followed by 125% RDN through
urea. Concentrations and uptake of nitrogen in grain and straw of rice as well as grain protein
content were not influenced significantly by methods of rice cultivation. N concentration and
uptake in grain and straw and protein contents were highest with 150% RDN. Phosphorus
concentrations and uptake in grain and straw of rice were significantly higher in CT and SRI
over aerobic method. Significantly higher P concentration in grains was recorded with 150%
RDN followed by125% RDN and 75% RDN+ 25% FYM whereas uptake of P in grain and
straw were significantly higher with 150% RDN. Concentration and uptake of K in grain of
rice were significantly higher under CT than aerobic and SRI. K uptake in grain and straw
were significantly higher with 150% RDN followed by 125% RDN and 75% RDN+ 25%
FYM. Concentrations and uptake of micronutrients like Zn, Cu and Mn in grain and straw
were not significantly influenced by cultivation methods whereas Fe concentration and
uptake in grain and straw were significantly higher in CT than other methods. Highest Fe
uptake in grain was recorded with 150% RDN followed by 125% RDN. Highest Mn
concentration in grain and straw were recorded in 150% RDN and 100% FYM. Status of
available N in soil at 45 and 90 DAS was significantly higher in CT and SRI compared to
AR. Application of 150% RDN recorded highest soil available N throughout the crop growth
period. Availability of K in soil was not significantly different under different production
techniques and N management. Soil available P and Fe under aerobic method was
significantly lower than CT and SRI. Available Zn content in soil was higher in aerobic
method at all the stages but at 90 DAS and at harvest the difference was not significant.
Maximum soil dehydrogenase enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon were recorded
with the treatment having 100% FYM followed by 75% RDN+25% FYM. Irrigation water
productivity was highest in aerobic method (9.16 kg ha-mm-1) followed by SRI (7.02 kg hamm-
1). In aerobic rice, SRI and conventional transplanting 2078, 2335 and 3121 litres of
water was used to produce one kg of rice. There was a saving of 54% and 36% irrigation
water in aerobic rice and SRI, respectively compared to conventional method. SRI method
with 180 kg N ha-1 may be recommended for higher crop and water productivity,
profitability and water saving.
 
Date 2016-07-30T11:43:37Z
2016-07-30T11:43:37Z
2013
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/70243
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI, DIVISION OF AGRONOMY INDIAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE NEW DELHI