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Effect of environment on crop phenology, growth , yield and fiber development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes grown under two planting dates

KrishiKosh

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Title Effect of environment on crop phenology, growth , yield and fiber development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes grown under two planting dates
 
Creator Ban, Y.G.
 
Contributor V Kumar
 
Subject sowing, cotton, genotypes, planting, fruits, biological development, yields, developmental stages, sowing date, crops
 
Description Plant development in cotton proceeds through five growth stages: germination and emergence, seedling establishment, leaf-area-canopy development, flowering and boll development, and maturation. There are numerous abiotic stress factors, particularly moisture surpluses and deficits, high and low temperatures
and low light that impose limitations to the growth and development, and therefore yield of cotton crop. Temperature functions as a primary factor controlling cotton plant growth rate and time interval between unlike events. The duration of planting to first square and first flower to open boll are two main periods in which genotypic and genotypic x environment variability is most frequently accounted. Temperature significantly affects phenology, leaf expansion, internodes elongation, biomass production and the partitioning of assimilates to different plant part. GDDs are based on the concept that real time to attain phenological stage is linearly related to temperature in the range between base temperature and optimum temperature. The duration of each phenophase determines the accumulation and partitioning of dry
matter in different parts as well as crop responses to environmental and external factors.
It is essential to study the quantitative relationships which account for the effects of plant and environmental factors on reproductive allocation. Sowing time plays an important role to realize maximum seed cotton yield as the potential optimizing yield is directly influenced by the accumulation of heat units and thermal time. Keeping this in view, the present experiment, “Effect of environment on crop phenology, growth, yield and fiber development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes grown under two planting dates” during kharif seasons of the years 2012- 13 and 2013-14 at Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat. The experiments were laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications.
Main treatment was two dates of sowing (normal and delayed) and sub-treatment comprised of six cotton hybrids viz; NCS-145 BG-II, DHH-263, G.Cot.Hy-8 BG-II, G.Cot.Hy.-12, Ankur-3028 BG-II and LHH-144 giving total twelve treatment combinations.
The results indicated that time of sowing significantly influenced growth, physiological, phenological characters, yield and yield attributing characters and fiber properties of the hybrids. The delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in plant height, number of main stem nodes, number of sympodia, leaf area, chlorophyll content, biomass, AGR, CGR, RGR, SLA, SLW, number of bolls, average boll weight, yield, seed index and lint index and increase in NAR, RGR at initial stage and GOT (%). The delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in the days to 50 per cent flowering, days to 50 per cent boll bursting and days to maturity as well as number of GDDs for boll bursting and maturity compared to normal sowing. The
delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in the fiber elongation measured at 7, 14, 21, 31, 41 and 51 days post anthesis (DPA) as compared to normal sowing. Suboptimal environmental conditions during the fiber elongation phase decreased the rate of elongation or shorten the elongation period. The fiber quality parameters viz; 2.5 % span length, uniformity ratio, micronaire value, fiber strength, elongation and
fiber maturity exhibited significant decline in delayed sowing. However, short fiber index was increased in delayed sowing. Amongst the six cotton hybrids, Ankur-3028 BG-II recorded significantly higher plant height, sympodia, mainstem nodes, AGR, CGR, NAR, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, number of bolls, boll weight, biomass, seed cotton yield, seed and lint index and fiber properties like 2.5 per cent span length, fiber strength. The Bt hybrid G.Cot.Hy.-8 BG-II was early in terms of days to 50 per cent squaring, flowering, boll bursting and maturity and required less GDDs to attain a particular growth stage. The genotype Ankur-3028 BG-II took significantly higher number of GDDs during flowering to boll opening
stage.
On the basis of two years experimental results, it can be concluded that
environment significantly affects the various growth and morphological attributes in
cotton as evidenced by sowing time. In order to reduce losses due to weather
extremes, each phenological stage must be monitored to improve various
physiological, morphological, fiber and yield parameters in cotton
 
Date 2016-04-30T10:11:54Z
2016-04-30T10:11:54Z
2014
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65676
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher NAU