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STUDIES ON APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY OF Steinernema thermophilum AND THE BIOTOXICANTS INVOLVED IN MANAGING INSECT PESTS.

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Title STUDIES ON APPLICATION TECHNOLOGY OF Steinernema thermophilum AND THE BIOTOXICANTS INVOLVED IN MANAGING INSECT PESTS.
 
Creator ANES K.M.
 
Contributor Sudershan Ganguly
 
Subject biological phenomena, animal developmental stages, parasites, bacteria, fungi, pesticides, wells, concentrates, irrigation, developmental stages
 
Description T-8588
The compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema thermophilum with
different agrochemicals including 12 insecticides, 6 herbicides, 3 fungicides, 7 biopesticides
and 8 surfactants/adjuvants, different bioagents and organic amendments were evaluated.
Among the agrochemicals, all except Hostathion, Dursban and Thiodan in their
recommended doses were found compatible. The bacterial bioagents namely Bacillus
thuringiensis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were found to be harmful to the survival of
infective juveniles, where as all the fungal bioagents studied were found to be safe. In
contrast, S. thermophilum and its symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus indica could suppress
the growth of fungal bioagents namely Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. It
indicated the incompatibility of S. thermophilum with M. anisopliae and B. bassiana
especially when both target the same host. The organic amendments like vermicompost, farm
yard manure, bone meal and neem cake were compatible with S. thermophilum. The
experiment on interspecific interaction of different EPN species namely S. thermophilum, S.
glaseri and Heterorhabditis indica showed dominance of S. glaseri at 27 oC and S.
thermophilum at 35 oC. But combined infections in all the combinations resulted in reduced
progeny production as compared to single infections. The studies on nontarget effects of
these three species of EPNs showed no harmful effect on earthworms, where as ants and
spiders were observed to be affected at higher doses. The synergistic interaction of S.
thermophilum and biopesticidal formulation Tracer (spinosad) was observed in the pot
experiment on Helicoverpa armigera infecting tomato. This result indicated that the EPNs
like S. thermophilum in combination with lower doses of safer pesticidal formulations like
Spinosad could be a possible alternative to reduce the pesticide load on the environment. The
toxic metabolites produced by the symbiotic bacterium X. indica were isolated with different
solvents like hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. As ethyl acetate fraction showed more
fungicidal action against Sclerotium rolfsii, it was further studied for the chemical nature of
biotoxin. The studies revealed the presence of xenocoumacins, nematophins and
xenorhabdins in the ethyl acetate extract of X. indica.
 
Date 2016-12-15T11:36:56Z
2016-12-15T11:36:56Z
2011
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/90278
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher IARI, DIVISION OF NEMATOLOGY