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EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON CROP PHENOLOGY, GROWTH, YIELD AND FIBER DEVELOPMENT IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum) GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER TWO PLANTING DATES

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Title EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON CROP PHENOLOGY, GROWTH, YIELD AND FIBER DEVELOPMENT IN COTTON (Gossypium hirsutum) GENOTYPES GROWN UNDER TWO PLANTING DATES
 
Creator BAN, YOGESH G.
 
Contributor KUMAR, V.
 
Subject sowing, cotton, genotypes, planting, fruits, biological development, yields, developmental stages, sowing date, crops
 
Description Plant development in cotton proceeds through five growth stages:
germination and emergence, seedling establishment, leaf-area-canopy development,
flowering and boll development, and maturation. There are numerous abiotic stress
factors, particularly moisture surpluses and deficits, high and low temperatures
and low light that impose limitations to the growth and development, and
therefore yield of cotton crop. Temperature functions as a primary factor controlling
cotton plant growth rate and time interval between unlike events. The duration of
planting to first square and first flower to open boll are two main periods in which
genotypic and genotypic x environment variability is most frequently accounted.
Temperature significantly affects phenology, leaf expansion, internodes elongation,
biomass production and the partitioning of assimilates to different plant part. GDDs
are based on the concept that real time to attain phenological stage is linearly related
to temperature in the range between base temperature and optimum temperature. The
duration of each phenophase determines the accumulation and partitioning of dry
matter in different parts as well as crop responses to environmental and external
factors.
It is essential to study the quantitative relationships which account for the
effects of plant and environmental factors on reproductive allocation. Sowing time
plays an important role to realize maximum seed cotton yield as the potential
optimizing yield is directly influenced by the accumulation of heat units and thermal
time. Keeping this in view, the present experiment, “Effect of environment on crop
phenology, growth, yield and fiber development in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum)
genotypes grown under two planting dates” during kharif seasons of the years 2012-
13 and 2013-14 at Main Cotton Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University,
Surat. The experiments were laid out in Split Plot Design with three replications.
Main treatment was two dates of sowing (normal and delayed) and sub-treatment
comprised of six cotton hybrids viz; NCS-145 BG-II, DHH-263, G.Cot.Hy-8 BG-II,
G.Cot.Hy.-12, Ankur-3028 BG-II and LHH-144 giving total twelve treatment
combinations.
The results indicated that time of sowing significantly influenced growth,
physiological, phenological characters, yield and yield attributing characters and fiber
properties of the hybrids. The delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in plant
height, number of main stem nodes, number of sympodia, leaf area, chlorophyll
content, biomass, AGR, CGR, RGR, SLA, SLW, number of bolls, average boll
weight, yield, seed index and lint index and increase in NAR, RGR at initial stage and
GOT (%). The delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in the days to 50 per
cent flowering, days to 50 per cent boll bursting and days to maturity as well as
number of GDDs for boll bursting and maturity compared to normal sowing. The
delayed sowing resulted in significant reduction in the fiber elongation measured at 7,
14, 21, 31, 41 and 51 days post anthesis (DPA) as compared to normal sowing.
Suboptimal environmental conditions during the fiber elongation phase decreased the
rate of elongation or shorten the elongation period. The fiber quality parameters viz;
2.5 % span length, uniformity ratio, micronaire value, fiber strength, elongation and
fiber maturity exhibited significant decline in delayed sowing. However, short fiber
index was increased in delayed sowing. Amongst the six cotton hybrids, Ankur-3028
BG-II recorded significantly higher plant height, sympodia, mainstem nodes, AGR,
CGR, NAR, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, number of bolls, boll
weight, biomass, seed cotton yield, seed and lint index and fiber properties like 2.5
per cent span length, fiber strength. The Bt hybrid G.Cot.Hy.-8 BG-II was early in
terms of days to 50 per cent squaring, flowering, boll bursting and maturity and
required less GDDs to attain a particular growth stage. The genotype Ankur-3028
BG-II took significantly higher number of GDDs during flowering to boll opening
stage.
On the basis of two years experimental results, it can be concluded that
environment significantly affects the various growth and morphological attributes in
cotton as evidenced by sowing time. In order to reduce losses due to weather
extremes, each phenological stage must be monitored to improve various
physiological, morphological, fiber and yield parameters in cotton.
 
Date 2016-05-05T11:33:18Z
2016-05-05T11:33:18Z
2014-07
 
Type Thesis
 
Identifier http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/65801
 
Language en
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari